Teratogenicity of anticonvulsant drugs. I: Review of the literature

Structural Effects and Neurofunctional Sequelae of Developmental Exposure to Psychotherapeutic Drugs: Experimental and Clinical Aspects

“…The fetal hydantoin syndrome in humans is characterized by facial dysmorphologies (shallow philtrum, thin lip, broad nasal bridge, short nose, facial hirsutism), hypoplasia of distal phalanges, growth retardation, and occasional skeletal, cardiac, or genitourinary anomalies (Hanson, 1976;Kelly et al, 1984;Van Dyke et al, 1988;Moore et al, 2000b). Abnormal development has also been observed in rodents (Finnell and Danski, 1991).…”

Folate metabolism and neural tube defects: a review

“…The natural-occurring folates consist o f a large group o f derivatives derived from the reduc tion and addition to the basic structure. Folates are available in part as small molecules with one to three 40 61 (1995) [39][40][41][42][43][44][45][46][47][48] The stored THF-polyglutamates can be degraded to THF-monoglutamates by intracellular conjugase and released into the circulation. 5-methyl-THF-monoglutamate is the predominant form o f folate in serum and in many tissues.…”

Monitoring for Congenital Malformations

“…The roie of anticonvulsant drugs in causing eMs has been disputed (33,79,80); the underlying disease, as is the case for diabetes (20), may be responsible, as well as differences in genetic susceptibility, as discussed above. It has been sug gested that factors responsible for reducing fertility (23) or increasing the chance of spontaneous abortion (106), rather than drugs used to overcome these problems, are responsible for harmful outcomes, including eMs.…”