Teratogenicity Testing of Siddha Formulation of Nilavembu Kudineer on Zebrafish (Danio Rerio) Embryo

Abstract

Objective: The aim of the study was to evaluate the teratogenic effect of Nilavembu Kudineer (NVK) by testing in zebrafish embryo (Danio rerio).
 Methods: The study consisted of 30 embryos/culture plate/dose concentration containing a series of diluted decoction of NVK ranging from 10 μg to 640 μg/ml, and the embryo development was monitored at specific time points. The parameters such as developmental abnormality and adverse events were monitored at 24 hourly intervals for 96 h.
 Results: The study results showed 100% hatching and survival of embryos with no significant abnormalities in the extension of study from 96 to 120 h post-fertilization examinations.
 Conclusion: NVK did not have teratogenic potential on testing it in various concentrations on zebrafish embryos validating its safety during pregnancy.

Fabrication and characterization of Agarwood extract-loaded nanocapsules and evaluation of their toxicity and anti-inflammatory activity on RAW 264.7 cells and in zebrafish embryos

“…A zebrafish embryo is considered as hatched when a complete rupture of the chorion occurs and the entire body of larvae from head to tail is out (Alafiatayo et al., 2019 ; Shaikh et al., 2019 ). Hatching is a direct indication of the successful developmental processes of zebrafish embryos (Shanmugapriya et al., 2019 ), and is considered an important parameter to understand the toxicity of chemicals and nanomaterials (Chakraborty et al., 2016 ). Moreover, the complete inhibition of hatching can lead to death of embryo inside the chorion (Ong et al., 2014 ).…”

“…The heart is the first internal organ formed in zebrafish embryos and is usually developed within 24–48 hpf (Fahmi et al., 2017 ; Luca et al., 2015 ). The heart rate is considered an important parameter in determining several physiological effects (Shanmugapriya et al., 2019 ) and a significant endpoint of sublethal toxicity (Shaikh et al., 2019 ). The normal heart rate in embryonic zebrafish is 120–180 beats per minute (Luca et al., 2015 ).…”