Teratogenicity, Toxicity and Perinatal Effects of Cadmium

Carmichael, Neil G.; Backhouse, Brian L.; Winder, Chris; Lewis, Paul D.

doi:10.1177/096032718200100209

Cited by 44 publications

(17 citation statements)

References 117 publications

(152 reference statements)

Supporting

Mentioning

Contrasting

Unclassified

Order By: Relevance

“…The LC50 results suggest that cadmium and mercury preferentially interact with developmental events underlying instar I11 transition to IV. Development-specific effects have also been reported for these compounds in developing vertebrate models [24] and embryonic cell culture [25]. Azide, on the other hand, was deemed nondevelopment-specific by the Artemia system, which agrees with earlier observations in vertebrates.…”

Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 87%

Homogeneous populations of Artemia nauplii and their potential use for in vitro testing in developmental toxicology

Sleet

Brendel

1985

Teratog Carcinog Mutagen

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

Efforts have begun to establish test subjects other than the intact pregnant mammal to serve as models for rapid teratology screens. Artemia nauplii transcending instar I to later instars were examined to determine their potential for indicating chemicals as potential developmental hazards and thus prioritizing them for more extensive in vivo testing. Several criteria selected for assessing the system's potential for screening were the ability to: collect homogeneous populations of instar I nauplii; characterize intermediate development by technically simple measurements; and demonstrate development-related differentials in naupliar vulnerability. Homogeneous populations of nauplii were harvested from a flow-through hatching and cold storage system. Nauplii accumulated in the system are stored at 4 degrees C in a quiescent state with little physical (body length, body water volume) and biochemical (DNA and protein levels) change and thus are maintained at instar I. Intermediate development of nauplii transcending instar I to IV was characterized after the onset of 25 degrees C incubation by measuring changes in drinking activity, body length, body water volume, and DNA and protein levels. During the first day of incubation, development was greatest between 6 and 24 hours of incubation. Development-related differentials in naupliar vulnerability were shown by comparing median lethal concentrations (LC50) estimated for cadmium sulfate (CdSO4), mercuric chloride (HgCl2), and sodium azide (NaN3) at various times during incubation. With cadmium and mercury, LC50s decreased as nauplii aged and developed; whereas, with azide, LC50s did not vary. Developing nauplii were differentially vulnerable to cadmium and inorganic mercury. Artemia nauplii transcending instar I to IV appear useful for indicating chemicals that preferentially interact with developmental events.

show abstract

Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 87%

Homogeneous populations of Artemia nauplii and their potential use for in vitro testing in developmental toxicology

Sleet

Brendel

1985

Teratog Carcinog Mutagen

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

show abstract

“…Interactions of Cd and zinc, Cd and copper, and zinc and copper are difficult to segregate (reviewed in: Brzóska and Moniuszko-Jakoniuk, 2001;Carmichael et al, 1982). Cd exposure may decrease zinc and/or copper status and any alteration in zinc status can disrupt copper metabolism and vice versa.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Oral cadmium exposure during rat pregnancy: assessment of transplacental micronutrient transport and steroidogenesis at term

Mikolić

Piasek

Grgec

et al. 2014

J of Applied Toxicology

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

Diet is the main source of cadmium (Cd) exposure. Gastrointestinal absorption increases during pregnancy. Cadmium accumulated in the placenta may interfere with nutrient transport to the foetus. Data on the potential of Cd to act as a steroid disruptor of pregnancy are limited. We evaluated the effects of oral Cd exposure during pregnancy on placental function in micronutrient transfer to the foetus and steroidogenesis in Wistar rats (regular 4-day cyclers) that mated with unexposed males. Pregnant rats were randomly assigned to a Cd group exposed orally to 50 mg Cd l(-1) (CdCl(2)xH2O dissolved in demineralized water), ≈ 7.5 mg Cd kg(-1) a day, during 20 days of gestation and control (supplied with demineralized water). Non-pregnant rats were treated under the same experimental conditions. On day 20, all of the rats were killed and samples were taken for element analyses (by electrothermal atomic absorption spectrometry). Progesterone and testosterone were measured in serum and placenta-derived samples (by immunoenzymometric assay and/or enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay). In the exposed rats, Cd increased in blood and organs, more in pregnant rats, and in placenta and foetus whereas zinc increased in liver. Iron decreased in maternal organs and in foetus, whereas zinc decreased in maternal kidney and placenta. Liver copper was lower and kidney copper higher in all pregnant vs. non-pregnant rats. Steroids in serum and placenta did not change. In conclusion, oral Cd exposure during rat pregnancy does not affect progesterone and testosterone at term. Transplacental iron and zinc handover are disrupted, which may put at risk the maintenance of foetal nutrition and viability.

show abstract

“…1,2 Cadmium accumulation has been reported in human ovaries and the fetoplacental unit. [3][4][5][6] However, to date there is no conclusive evidence on adverse Cdrelated effects on the reproductive cycle in humans. [7][8][9][10][11] There is a substantial discrepancy between the large body of animal data on adverse effects of Cd in males possessing scrotal testes and, on other hand, the lack of data on Cd reproductive effects in females.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Effects of in vitro cadmium exposure on ovarian steroidogenesis in rats

Piasek¹,

Laskey²

1999

J. Appl. Toxicol.

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

The purpose of this study was to evaluate the direct effect(s) of in vitro cadmium (Cd) exposure on steroidogenesis in rat ovaries during different reproductive states. Sprague-Dawley rats were killed on the day of proestrus, or on gestation day 6 or 16. Ovaries were removed, placed in medium and minced. Culture from each ovary was incubated with Cd 2+ ions in concentrations of 0, 100, 500, 1000, 1500, or 2000 M. One-hour whole-ovary production of progesterone (P 4 ), testosterone and estradiol (E 2 ) in culture medium was evaluated in the absence and presence of human chorionic gonadotropin (hCG) or hCG plus pregnenolone by specific radioimmunoassay. Under in vitro Cd exposure the most affected were productions of P 4 and testosterone in proestrus rats and less in pregnant dams, whereas E 2 was not affected at all. Cadmium appears to interfere with the ovarian steroidogenic pathway in rats at more than one site.

show abstract

Teratogenicity, Toxicity and Perinatal Effects of Cadmium

Cited by 44 publications

References 117 publications

Homogeneous populations of Artemia nauplii and their potential use for in vitro testing in developmental toxicology

Homogeneous populations of Artemia nauplii and their potential use for in vitro testing in developmental toxicology

Oral cadmium exposure during rat pregnancy: assessment of transplacental micronutrient transport and steroidogenesis at term

Effects of in vitro cadmium exposure on ovarian steroidogenesis in rats

Contact Info

Product

Resources

About