Teratological research using in vitro systems. II. Rodent limb bud culture system.

Abstract

This review represents a compilation of information related to the rodent limb bud culture system from approximately 80 publications after 1969 and conversations with workers in the field. Most of these papers and book chapters refer exclusively to studies with the mouse limb bud. Sections in this review include historical review, end point measurements, activating systems, types of compounds studied and dose response, reproducibility, statistical analysis, equipment and personnel requirements, mechanisms, and summary.

Assessment of the developmental toxicity of nanoparticles in anex vivo3D model, the murine limb bud culture system

“…The limb cartilaginous anlagen develop through a process that involves regulation of the expression of key markers of chondrogenesis and osteogenesis, including COL2A1, COL10A1 and COL1A1. Limb buds in culture have been used to study the molecular mechanisms of teratogen-induced disruptions of normal development for more than 30 years (Friedman, 1987;Kochhar, 1983;Neubert & Barrach, 1977). Today, limb bud cultures are used to elucidate the mechanisms by which chemicals interfere with critical signaling pathways in organogenesis (Paradis et al, 2012).…”

Caspase‐3 mediates retinoid‐induced apoptosis in the organogenesis‐stage mouse limb

“…Limb bud cultures have been used extensively to assess teratogen‐induced limb malformations (Kochhar and Aydelotte, 1974; Nakamura, 1977; Huang and Hales, 2002). Explanted limbs undergo growth, cellular differentiation, and tissue organization processes similar to those in vivo for up to six days in culture (for review see Friedman, 1987). This system has been shown to reproduce in vitro the in utero teratogenic effects of both vitamin A and retinoic acid treatment with the benefit that it allows for the precise timing of drug exposure and the swift monitoring of biochemical and morphological endpoints.…”