Terbinafine susceptibility and genotypic heterogeneity in clinical isolates of Trichophyton mentagrophytes by random amplified polymorphic DNA (RAPD)

Alipour, Mohsen; Mozafari, N Amir

doi:10.1016/j.mycmed.2014.09.001

Cited by 9 publications

(15 citation statements)

References 43 publications

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“…Dermatophyte infections are severe in people living with Acquired Immune Deficiency Syndrome (AIDS) 1,13,19,37 , diabetes mellitus patients (who have a 50% chance of infection) 1,13,37,43,44 , and those with a suppressed immune system due to medical procedures such as organ transplantation and chemotherapy 1,13,19 . Obesity also influences the severity of Tinea pedis 1 with non-completion of medication leading to disease recurrence and the development of resistance.…”

Section: Prevalencementioning

confidence: 99%

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Dermatophytic Diseases: A Review of Tinea Pedis

Jg¹,

Ra³

et al. 2021

Preprint

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Background Skin diseases, particularly Tinea pedis are very rare in Ghana leading to low investment in dermatological services in the country and the African continent. Globally, Tinea pedis affects about 15% of the global population. Importantly, it is a major public health problem and socioeconomic issue. Currently, the most recommended treatment for Tinea pedis infection are polyenes, azoles, allylamines, and fluorocytosines. Although these drugs are effective, they do have adverse side effects and are limited in the clinical settings in developing countries especially Ghana. Method: Research papers were collected from Pubmed, Google scholar, chemical abstracts, and journal websites, reporting both in vitro and in vivo information on Tinea pedis. General information on Tinea pedis, the methods of infection, transfer, treatment options, and resistance were obtained after screening the articles. Many agents are involved in cases of Tinea pedis but are predominantly caused by Trichophyton rubrum which feeds on the keratinous layer of the topmost skin of the foot causing skin discoloration, itching, and maceration. The disease is influenced by individual lifestyle, environmental conditions, and individual factors such as age, sex, and host immunity and is prevented by the maintenance of good personal hygiene.Tinea pedis like other tinea infections are treated with both topical and systemic agents. The classes of medications used in the treatment of Tinea pedis are polyenes, azoles, allylamines, and fluorocytosines. Tinea pedis antifungal resistance development could be partly associated with incomplete medication and misuse of antifungal medications. Additionally, patients with serious underlying health conditions such as compromised immune systems like HIV/AIDS, diabetes, radiotherapy for cancer, and transplantation could complicate resistance. Conclusion: Although, fungal diseases do not cause epidemics the increasing rate of fungal infections and therefore Tinea pedis has to be checked and prevented. High budgets are made in the development of medications which mostly lose their effectiveness over time due to resistance development. Good personal hygiene is very effective but the available medications must be used appropriately for effective treatment and resistance avoidance. Infection prevention and control, tracking and data sharing, good and easily accessible antifungals, vaccines, and maintenance of personal and environmental hygiene are the topmost preventive measures against resistance development.

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Section: Prevalencementioning

confidence: 99%

“…Also, males are more susceptible to the disease than females of the same or similar age 2,16 . Tinea pedis is also found to be prevalent among army personnel 1 , school children 1,37,38,39,40,41,40,42 , sailors, coal-miners, athletes, those attending public swimming baths 1,37 , or leisure centers 37 .…”

Section: Prevalencementioning

confidence: 99%

Dermatophytic Diseases: A Review of Tinea Pedis

Jg¹,

Ra³

et al. 2021

Preprint

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

show abstract

“…Only few cases of drug resistance in dermatophytes are known so far (Mukherjee et al 2003;Alipour and Mozafari 2015;Ghannoum 2016). Owing to the limited therapeutics and poorly defined molecular targets in many cases, the molecular aspects involved in the resistance of dermatophytes to available antifungals remain obscure.…”

Section: Drug Resistance In Dermatophytesmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…However, apart from mutations in the target genes, alternate mechanisms may also be utilized by the fungi to evade drug response. However, in a recent analysis of in vitro antifungal susceptibility with previously isolated clinical isolates from Iran, several Trichophyton mentagrophytes exhibited in vitro resistance (Alipour and Mozafari 2015). Molecular details in most of these limited cases of drug resistance, however, remain obscure as clinical resistance to antifungal agents in dermatophytes is largely unknown or unreported.…”

Section: Drug Resistance In Dermatophytesmentioning

confidence: 99%