Terminology for Membrane Distillation

Smolders, Kees; Franken, A.C.M.

doi:10.1016/0011-9164(89)80010-4

Cited by 298 publications

(149 citation statements)

References 4 publications

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“…It can be found that the pore size of the spun membranes decreased with increase of the nano-particles addition, which was in agreement with the analysis of membrane morphology. The LEPw values can be obtained using the method described by Smolders and Franken [38]. From Table 3, it can be demonstrated that the reduction of the maximum pore size would improve the LEPw value, which was helpful to prevent liquid from passing through the membrane pores.…”

Section: Porosity Lepw Pore Size and Pore Size Distributionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Preparation and properties of PVDF composite hollow fiber membranes for desalination through direct contact membrane distillation

Hou

Wang

Sun

et al. 2012

Journal of Membrane Science

158

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a b s t r a c tThe polyvinylidene fluoride (PVDF) composite hydrophobic hollow fiber membranes were fabricated for membrane distillation through non-solvent induced phase inversion by dispersing hydrophobic modified calcium carbonate nano-particles in the PVDF casting solution and using the mixture of LiCl and polyethylene glycol (PEG) as non-solvent additive. The influence of nano-particles on the spun hollow fiber membrane characteristics was investigated. The addition of hydrophobic nano-particles could optimize the sandwich-like morphology, narrow the pore size distribution, improve the membrane porosity and increase the membrane surface roughness and contact angle to some extent. The nano-particles also enhanced the crystallinity degree and thermal stability of the hollow fiber. In addition, the composite membranes presented stronger mechanical properties compared to the fiber without particles. During the desalination process of 3.5 wt% sodium chloride solution, the maximum transmembrane permeate flux about 46.3 kg/m 2 h with a lower thermal loss was obtained from the composite fiber when the hot feed inlet temperature and the cold distillate inlet temperature were at 80.5 • C and 20.0 • C, respectively. Furthermore, the composite membrane exhibited satisfying performance stability compared with the pure PVDF membrane in the 30 days continuous desalination experiments, indicating that the as-spun composite fiber may be of great potential to be utilized in MD process for desalination.

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Section: Porosity Lepw Pore Size and Pore Size Distributionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…The total heat exchange can be calculated from the enthalpy difference between the inlet and outlet of the hot feed. EE can be calculated by the following equation [38]:…”

Section: Thermal Efficiency Analysismentioning

confidence: 99%

Preparation and properties of PVDF composite hollow fiber membranes for desalination through direct contact membrane distillation

Hou

Wang

Sun

et al. 2012

Journal of Membrane Science

158

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“…The membrane porosity was measured using a 2 mL pycnometer following the procedure outlined by Smolders et al [5]. A minimum of 3 samples was used to calculate the average porosity.…”

Section: Membrane Porositymentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Firstly, in order to achieve efficient vapour transport from the hot to the cold side, the membrane needs to be highly porous and as thin as possible [4][5]. Secondly, the pores need to be large enough to facilitate vapour transport, while having sufficiently small dimensions to avoid membrane wetting and formation of a direct liquid bridge between the feed and the permeate sides [2][3][4][5][6]. Most previous studies have investigated membranes formed from Poly(propylene) (PP), Poly(vinylidene-fluoride) (PVDF) and Poly(tetrafluoroethylene) (PTFE) [7].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Characterization and evaluation of carbon nanotube Bucky-Paper membranes for direct contact membrane distillation

Dumée

Sears

Schütz

et al. 2010

Journal of Membrane Science

308

130

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Self-supporting carbon nanotube (CNT) Bucky-Papers have unique structural and surface properties which can be utilised in many applications. In this work we characterised pure selfsupporting CNT membranes, where CNTs were held together only by Van der Waals forces, and evaluated their potential and performance in direct contact membrane distillation. The membranes were found to be highly hydrophobic (contact angle of 113°), highly porous (90%), and to exhibit a thermal conductivity of 2.7 kW/m 2 •h. We demonstrate, as a proof of concept, that self-supporting CNT Bucky-Paper membranes can be used for desalination in a direct contact membrane distillation setup with 99% salt rejection and a flux rate of ~12 kg/m 2 *h at a water vapour partial pressure difference of 22.7kPa. Ageing of the membranes by delamination, factor limiting their performance, is also reported but work is currently done to address this issue by investigating composite material structures.

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“…The total heat exchange can be calculated from the enthalpy difference between the inlet and outlet of the distillate. EE can be calculated by the following equation [49]: where A is the effective permeate area of the membrane module, T p-outlet is the cold distillate temperature at the outlet of membrane module. C p is the average specific heat of water, which can be simplified as a constant value 4200 J/(kg K).…”

Section: The Effect Of Calcium Ionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Humic acid fouling mitigation by ultrasonic irradiation in membrane distillation process

Hou

Zhang

Wang

et al. 2015

Separation and Purification Technology

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a b s t r a c tA novel ultrasonic assisted direct contact membrane distillation hybrid process was designed and the effect of ultrasonic irradiation on humic acid (HA) fouling mitigation during membrane distillation process was investigated. Although permeate flux declines were negligible (less than 5%) for the ranges of HA concentration studied, ultrasonic irradiation could enhance the permeate flux more than 30% without destroying HA rejection. The higher the concentration factor was, the larger the ultrasonic enhancement of permeate flux could be obtained. Severe permeate flux decline can be found when CaCl 2 was added into the HA solution. The presence of Ca 2+ would aggravate HA organic fouling phenomenon and resulted in a thick and dense HA fouling layer on membrane surface. The HA fouling increased heat transfer resistance and reduced the pores available for vapor transfer, both the permeate flux and thermal efficiency of the PTFE membrane declined. Under ultrasonic irradiation, ultrasonic wave refreshed the liquidmembrane interface continuously and alleviated the deposition of HA aggregates. Therefore, although there were still some HA fouling scattered on membrane surface, most of the membrane pores could be kept open and clean, the relative permeate flux can maintain above 94% and was hardly affected by concentration factor increasing.

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Terminology for Membrane Distillation

Cited by 298 publications

References 4 publications

Preparation and properties of PVDF composite hollow fiber membranes for desalination through direct contact membrane distillation

Preparation and properties of PVDF composite hollow fiber membranes for desalination through direct contact membrane distillation

Characterization and evaluation of carbon nanotube Bucky-Paper membranes for direct contact membrane distillation

Humic acid fouling mitigation by ultrasonic irradiation in membrane distillation process

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