Terminology of developmental abnormalities in common laboratory mammals (version 2)

Historical control data on developmental toxicity studies in rodents

“…The incidence of fetuses with malformations or variations was expressed as a proportion of the total number of fetuses with malformations or variations to the total number of fetuses examined. The terminology used for fetal external, visceral, and skeletal alterations was principally based on Horimoto et al (1998) and Makris et al (2009). should be determined separately because males are heavier than females.…”

First approximation to congenital malformation rates in embryos and hatchlings of sea turtles

“…The nomenclature and characterization of each type of congenital malformation was performed according to Frye (1991), and Markis et al (2009).…”

Developmental toxicity evaluation of Pimenta pseudocaryophyllus (Gomes) Landrum, (E)‐methyl isoeugenol chemotype, in Wistar rats

“…Further observations for the presence of skeletal variations or malformations were recorded, referencing the Atlas of External and Skeletal Anomalies in Rats (Chahoud, 1997) and the established terminology by the International Federation of Teratology Societies (Makris et al, 2009).…”