Terminology of Developmental Abnormalities in Common Laboratory Mammals (Japanese Version 1)

Abstract

This paper is the first version of a Japanese glossary of terms for structural developmental abnormalities in laboratory animals, mainly rats, mice and rabbits. This is a translation of the glossary entitled Terminology of Developmental Abnormalities in Common Laboratory Mammals that was edited by the International Federation of Teratology Societies (IFTS) Committee on International Harmonization of Nomenclature in Developmental Toxicology (IFTS glossary). The purpose of the present Japanese glossary is to provide a common vocabulary, terms and definitions in the description of abnormalities observed in reproductive and developmental toxicity studies. The glossary contains 868 observations, synonyms, related terms, definitions of the abnormalities and non‐preferred terms for external, visceral and skeletal abnormalities in fetuses or neonates of laboratory animals. Modifying terms used repeatedly in the glossary (e. g., absent, atresia) are listed separately in Appendix A, and syndrome names that are generally known are listed in Appendix B. Translation was made into Japanese based on the following: 1) Observations are translated in order of organ/finding (e. g., thymus/absent, maxilla/fused) with exception of the terms in common use, 2) Words are appended where appropriate, when literal translation does not provide an adequate description, 3) A supplementary explanation is appended as an “annotation”, where appropriate, 4) Among the synonyms or related terms, the terms listed in Appendix A or the same Japanese translations as the observations are not described repeatedly, and 5) Non‐preferred terms are not literally translated, and only those terms which are considered as adequate as Japanese are described. Suggestions, questions, and additions are welcomed on the Japanese terms and translations in the glossary. Revisions of the Japanese glossary are planned based on the comments received.

Historical control data on developmental toxicity studies in rats

“…Efforts have been made to standardize terminology and integrate categories, such as malformation and variation, in studies of reproductive and developmental toxicity in experimental animals 15…”

Historical control data on developmental toxicity studies in rodents

“…The incidence of fetuses with malformations or variations was expressed as a proportion of the total number of fetuses with malformations or variations to the total number of fetuses examined. The terminology used for fetal external, visceral, and skeletal alterations was principally based on Horimoto et al (1998) and Makris et al (2009). should be determined separately because males are heavier than females.…”

Stability of the reproductive variables and fetal malformations from control animals and animals treated with thalidomide in Kbl:JW rabbits over two decades

“…Therefore, we retrospectively analyzed the historical control data of the embryo-fetal development studies in Kbl:JW rabbits in our laboratories summarized for every 5 or 6 years over two decades to determine the stability of the reproductive variables in this strain and we compared the fetal defects induced by thalidomide administration to pregnant females between three studies each conducted in 1988, 1995 and 2007, respectively. from 2006 to 2010 were conducted in our other laboratory located in Osaka City in Japan. We have used the terminology based on the International Federation of Teratology Societies (IFTS) committee (Version 1) (Horimoto et al 1998) since 2000 in the Hikari laboratory, so we divided historical control data into four periods (1990-1994, 1995-1999, 2000-2004 and 2005-2010) centering on 2000.…”