Termite Damage and Crop Loss Studies in Nigeria—Pre-harvest Losses to Yams due to Termites and other Soil Pests

Wood, T. G.; Smith, R. W.; Johnson, Robert A.; Komolafe, P. O.

doi:10.1080/09670878009414916

Cited by 31 publications

(14 citation statements)

References 4 publications

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“…The nematodes recovered from the control tubers were most probably a result of a small number of nematodes surviving the hot water treatment of the planting material and which multiplied during the vegetative period of yam plants and storage of tubers. The differences in weight loss between S. bradys-infected and control tubers (especially in the 2003-2004 experiment) confirm observations by Wood et al (1980), who indicated that diseased tubers harvested from the field in Nigeria lost up to 29% more weight than healthy tubers. Weight loss occurs during storage due to moisture loss through epidermal layers (Ayala and Acosta, 1971;Bridge, 1973) and as a result of natural metabolic processes, such as respiration.…”

Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 76%

Pathogenicity of Scutellonema bradys populations from different geographical areas in Benin on yam (Dioscorea spp.)

2009

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a b s t r a c tScutellonema bradys is the most important nematode species affecting yam production in Benin. Two experiments were conducted to assess the variation in pathogenicity of three separate populations of S. Weights of tubers from IsoToui-and IsoSave-inoculated plants were lower than those from control plants. Dry rot severity was more pronounced on cv's Moroko and TDr131 tubers than on cv's Aloungan and Banioure, while no dry rot symptoms were observed on cv Tabane tubers. IsoToui and IsoGlaz caused higher (P 0.05) tuber dry rot severity than IsoSave. Differences in nematode population densities occurred across S. bradys populations for cv's Tabane, TDr131 and Aloungan with IsoSave resulting in the highest nematode population densities on cv's Aloungan and TDr131. IsoToui caused the highest percentage weight loss. During 5 months storage, infected tubers lost more (P 0.05) weight than uninfected control tubers. The differences in weight loss of infected tubers differed on tubers infected by the various nematode populations. Nematode multiplication during the storage period also differed among populations.Crown

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Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 76%

Pathogenicity of Scutellonema bradys populations from different geographical areas in Benin on yam (Dioscorea spp.)

2009

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“…The importance of plant parasitic nematodes in yam production cannot be overemphasized, they adversely affect the marketable value of tubers because of the unappealing, warty appearance, and they are associated with rot of stored yams. Weight differences between healthy and diseased tubers harvested from the field have been estimated to be 20-30% in Cote d'Ivoire (Bridge 1982) and 0-29% in Nigeria (Wood et al 1980). In Nigeria, a combination of root-knot nematodes and Scutellonema bradys caused abandonment of large areas of yam farms (Adesiyan and Odihirin 1977).…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Survey of Plant-Parasitic Nematodes Associated with Yams in Ogun and Osun States of Nigeria

Adegbite¹,

Saka²,

Agbaje³

et al. 2008

Journal of Plant Protection Research

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Abstract:A survey was conducted to determine the types, frequency and population of plant parasitic nematodes associated with the soils and roots of Yam (Dioscorea species) in all the Local Government Areas of Ogun and Osun States of Nigeria using random sampling soil and root and pie pan modification of Baerman funnel for plant parasitic nematode extraction. Ten and nine genera of plant parasitic nematodes were encountered both from the soils and root samples from the two States.Plant parasitic nematodes recovered included Scutellonema spp., Meloidogyne spp., Pratylenchus spp., Trichodorus spp., Helicotylenchus spp., Radopholus spp., Longidorus spp., Xiphinema spp., Rotylenchulus spp and Aphelenchoides species. Scutellonema spp., Meloidogyne spp., and Pratylenchus spp were most widely distributed with frequency ratings of 70, 65 and 60% respectively in soil samples from Ogun State and in the root samples the three genera predominated with 60, 55 and 45% frequency ratings respectively. Meloidogyne spp., Scutellonema spp., and Pratylenchus spp were most widely distributed with frequency ratings of 65, 45 and 35% respectively in soil samples from Osun State and in the root samples the three genera predominated with 55, 35 and 35% frequency ratings respectively.

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“…Although the majority of the 2000 termite species known in the world are not harmful to crops, around 200 species have been identiÞed as pests of staple, vegetable or industrial crops (Harris 1954, Sands 1973, Mill 1992, Wood 1996, Pearce 1997). Among these 200 species, there are some genera of lower termites as Mastotermes Froggatt (Logan et al 1990); Kalotermes Hagen (Harris 1969, Sands 1973 or Hodotermes Hagen (Wood 1996) but in tropical Africa, agricultural pest termite species belong to the family of Termitidae (higher termites) and particularly to the subfamilies of Macrotermitinae (Brown 1965, Harris 1969, Sands 1973, Collins 1984, Mora et al 1990, Logan 1991, Wood and Pearce 1991, Termitinae (Sands 1973, Wood et al 1980, and Nasutitermitinae (Pretorius et al 1991, Mampouya 1996. The noxious action of these termites involves either attack on the crops themselves or construction of nests above ground that hinder or even prevent mechanical harvesting, leading to a considerable lowering of yield (Renoux et al 1991).…”

mentioning

confidence: 96%

Evaluation of the Effects of Thiamethoxam on Three Species of African Termite (Isoptera: Termitidae) Crop Pests

Delgarde

Rouland-Lefèvre

2002

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Thiamethoxam formulated as ACTARA 25 WG has been tested on three species of higher African termites: Trinervitermes trinervius Rambur, Odontotermes smeathmani Fuller, and Amitermes evuncifer Silvestri, which are pests of the principal tropical food crops (e.g., rice, maize, sorghum, sugarcane). The doses used ranged from 0.03 to 10 ppm. The effective dose for these termites was 0.3 ppm, which resulted in 100% mortality within 2-8 d, depending on the species studied. Excluding O. smeathmani, which consumed the product, thiamethoxam proved to be an anti-feedant but not repellent to T. trinervius and A. evuncifer. For all species studied, mortality was not dependent on consumption of the products, which acts principally by contact. In O. smeathmani, thiamethoxam could be transmitted in the colony from contaminated individuals to healthy individuals.

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Termite Damage and Crop Loss Studies in Nigeria—Pre-harvest Losses to Yams due to Termites and other Soil Pests

Cited by 31 publications

References 4 publications

Pathogenicity of Scutellonema bradys populations from different geographical areas in Benin on yam (Dioscorea spp.)

Pathogenicity of Scutellonema bradys populations from different geographical areas in Benin on yam (Dioscorea spp.)

Survey of Plant-Parasitic Nematodes Associated with Yams in Ogun and Osun States of Nigeria

Evaluation of the Effects of Thiamethoxam on Three Species of African Termite (Isoptera: Termitidae) Crop Pests

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