Ternary Liquid–Liquid Equilibrium Data for the N-Formylmorpholine + Toluene + {n-Nonane or n-Decane} Systems at (303.2, 323.2, and 343.2) K and 101.3 kPa

Abstract

The design and operation of the process to extract aromatics from petroleum intermediates via solvent extraction can be enhanced in terms of efficiency by access to liquid–liquid equilibrium (LLE) data. This study serves to contribute LLE data for a heavy alkane, aromatic, and solvent mixture, which is of limited availability in the open literature. Ternary LLE phase compositions were experimentally measured and thermodynamically modeled for the systems N-formylmorpholine (NFM) + toluene + (n-nonane or n-decane) at 303.2, 323.2, and 343.2 K and 101.3 kPa. The direct analytical method was used to obtain the LLE data using a double-walled glass cell. The phase equilibrium samples were quantitatively analyzed using gas chromatography. The ternary systems were successfully correlated using the non-random two-liquid and universal quasichemical thermodynamic models. The effectiveness of using NFM as an alternative solvent to extract toluene from a mixture containing n-nonane or n-decane was evaluated by determining the selectivity. The plait point for the systems measured was determined using the graphical Coolidge method. All systems studied were found to exhibit type I ternary LLE behavior, and relative selectivity was greater than unity, indicating that the extraction of toluene from heavy alkanes is feasible using NFM.

Ternary Liquid–Liquid Equilibrium Data for the n-Nonane + o-Xylene + (Butane-1,4-diol or Glycerol) Systems at (298.2, 313.2, 333.2) K and 0.1 MPa

“…Distribution coefficient (capacity) comparison for the ternary systems: (a) () n -nonane (1) + o -xylene (2) + 1,4-butanediol (3) at 298.15 K and 0.1 MPa (this work); (⧫) n -nonane (1) + o -xylene (2) + glycerol (3) at 298.15 K and 0.1 MPa (this work); (○) n -nonane (1) + toluene (2) + NMP (3) 298.15 K and 0.1 MPa; (Δ) n -nonane (1) + toluene (2) + NFM (3) at 303.15 K and 0.1 MPa; (b) () n -nonane (1) + o -xylene (2) + 1,4-butanediol (3) at 313.15 K and 0.1 MPa (this work); (⧫) n -nonane (1) + o -xylene (2) + glycerol (3) at 313.15 K and 0.1 MPa (this work); (Δ) n -nonane (1) + toluene (2) + NFM (3) at 323.15 K and 0.1 MPa; and (c) () n -nonane (1) + o -xylene (2) + 1,4-butanediol (3) at 333.15 K and 0.1 MPa (this work); (⧫) n -nonane (1) + o -xylene (2) + glycerol (3) at 333.15 K and 0.1 MPa (this work); (Δ) n -nonane (1) + toluene (2) + NFM (3) at 343.15 K and 0.1 MPa …”

“…The direct analytical method was used to determine the equilibrium compositions. The cell was successfully used in previous studies ,, and the experimental procedure followed is as suggested by Alders . The cell was initially filled with 50 cm 3 of the solvent (butane-1,4-diol or glycerol) and 30 cm 3 of o -xylene.…”

Extraction of Thiophene, Pyridine, and Toluene from n-Decane as a Diesel Model Using Betaine-Based Natural Deep Eutectic Solvents

“…Distribution ratios of the systems { n -decane + toluene + solvent} were measured at 298.15 K and 1.01 bar and for { n -decane + toluene + sulfolane/[2-HEAF]/glycerol/NFM} were measured 303.15 K and 1.01 bar. Data were taken from refs and, − and the abbreviation definitions are available in the Abbreviation section.…”

Use of Glycerol + 2-Methylpentane-2,4-diol Liquid Mixtures in the Separation of Toluene from n-Heptane via Liquid–Liquid Extraction

“…The experimental method used to perform the measurements was the direct analytical method, which involves charging an equilibrium cell with the solvent and carrier liquid and thereafter incrementally injecting solute into the system and determining the resulting tie-lines. The equipment and the method were successfully used in numerous previous studies. ,,− The experimental procedure followed the technique as suggested by Alders . Initially, 30 cm 3 of the solvent mixture consisting of glycerol and 2-methyl-2,4-pentanediol was charged to a jacketed 100 cm 3 cell, together with 20 cm 3 of n -heptane.…”