Nickel phosphide (Ni 2 P) is a promising material for the electrocatalytic generation of hydrogen from water. Here, we present a chemical picture of the fundamental mechanism of Volmer-Tafel steps in hydrogen evolution reaction (HER) activity under alkaline conditions at the (0001) and (1010) surfaces of Ni 2 P using dispersion-corrected density functional theory calculations. Two terminations of each surface (Ni 3 P 2 -and Ni 3 P-terminated (0001); and Ni 2 P-and NiP-terminated (1010)), which have been shown to coexist in Ni 2 P samples depending on the experimental conditions, were studied. Water adsorption on the different terminations of the Ni 2 P (0001) and (1010) surfaces is shown to be exothermic (binding energy in the range of 0.33−0.68 eV) and characterized by negligible charge transfer to/from the catalyst surface (0.01−0.04 e − ). High activation energy barriers (0.86−1.53 eV) were predicted for the dissociation of water on each termination of the Ni 2 P (0001) and (1010) surfaces, indicating sluggish kinetics for the initial Volmer step in the hydrogen evolution reaction over a Ni 2 P catalyst. Based on the predicted Gibbs free energy of hydrogen adsorption (∆G H *) at different surface sites, we found that the presence of Ni 3 -hollow sites on the (0001) surface and bridge Ni-Ni sites on the (1010) surface bind the H atom too strongly. To achieve facile kinetics for both the Volmer and Heyrovsky-Tafel steps, modification of the surface structure and tuning of the electronic properties through transition metal doping is recommended as an important strategy.and Ni 2 P [18-20] have been regarded as very promising electrocatalysts for the HER owing to their low-cost, appropriate electronic structures, and high electrochemical stability. Nickel phosphide (Ni 2 P) in particular is an emerging catalyst for hydrogen evolution reactions [20][21][22][23], hydrodesulfurization (HDS) [24,25], hydrodenitrogenation (HDN) [26][27][28], hydrodeoxygenation (HDO) [29], hydrodechlorination (HDCl) [30], and water-gas shift reactions [31]. Ni 2 P is considered an attractive alternative to noble metal catalysts for HER [20] because both of its constituent elements nickel and phosphorous are cheap, abundant, and non-toxic, which makes Ni 2 P a promising cost-effective material for scalable renewable energy conversion systems.Nickel phosphides are stable and durable in strong acid and alkali conditions, prolonging the turnover number (TON) and lifetime of the catalyst and hence can achieve enhanced HER efficiency [32,33]. The Ni 2 P (0001) surface is the most studied facet for HER activity owing to its comparable predicted hydrogen evolution activity to that of hydrogenase [22,[34][35][36]. Earlier investigations have considered HER activity in acidic medium over Ni 2 P catalysts, whereby the Volmer-Tafel mechanism (H + (aq) → H * , 2H * → ↑H 2 ) involves only characterizing the Gibb's free energy hydrogen adsorption to the catalyst surface [22,23]. There exist limited studies of the HER activity of Ni 2 P under alkaline c...