Ternary organic solar cells based on non-fullerene acceptors: A review

Realizing Stable High‐Performance and Low‐Energy‐Loss Ternary Photovoltaics through Judicious Selection of the Third Component

“…[1][2][3][4][5] With the maturing development of donor (D) and acceptor (A) components, the emergence of ternary or even quaternary bulk heterojunction (BHJ) blends has become a new path for improving the PCEs and stabilities of OPVs. [6][7][8][9][10] The mechanisms of operation of ternary OPVs can be classified into energy transfer, charge transfer, parallel-like, and alloy models. The embedding of an additional component (i.e., a third D or A component) into a binary active layer can 1) optimize the blend film morphology, 2) modulate the energy diagram to ensure a greater opencircuit voltage (V OC ), and 3) result in complementary absorption for efficient light harvesting and, thereby, increase the short-circuit current density ( J SC ) of the ternary-blend OPV.…”

Designs and understanding of small molecule-based non-fullerene acceptors for realizing commercially viable organic photovoltaics

“…[24][25][26] Meanwhile, chemically modifiable non-fullerene acceptors (NFAs) have emerged as an alternative to FAs for overcoming the aforementioned optical and photophysical issues. 8,[27][28][29][30][31][32][33][34][35] In practice, employing an NFA as a host acceptor in binary blends 17,24,31,36 or as a secondary acceptor in ternary blends [37][38][39][40][41] has proven to exceed the theoretical efficiency (~15%) of FA-based OPVs, 42 which presents the second major breakthrough in OPV technology. As the molecular design of NFAs continues to evolve, NFAbased binary blend OPVs have recently demonstrated a high PCE of over 18%, 15,17 indicating their potential for meeting the commercial requirements (e.g., 18%-22% for silicon solar cells).…”

Achieving 18.14% Efficiency of Ternary Organic Solar Cells with Alloyed Nonfullerene Acceptor

“…[24,27] Moreover, the enhancement of the photovoltaic indicators for ternary devices such as short-circuit current density (J SC ), V OC , and fill factor (FF) is important for selecting the third component. [28][29][30] In this research, a series of devices are fabricated based on the PM6:Y6:Y6-1O blends films, where various proportions of Y6-1O were introduced as the guest component in the PM6:Y6 binary DOI: 10.1002/sstr.202100099…”