Terpenes

and, Andrew J. Humphrey

doi:10.1002/9780470988558.ch3

Cited by 19 publications

(15 citation statements)

References 125 publications

(137 reference statements)

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“…rubra EO, the former compound increased during both the DH and the OD processes, while the latter decreased in both processes. These results have confirmed that carvone is biogenetically related to and formed by limonene, and that limonene is susceptible to OD processes, as has also been reported for lavandin ( Lavandula × intermedia Emeric ex Loisel.) .…”

Section: Resultssupporting

confidence: 84%

“…The authors also reported that no message was found for the mevalonate pathway in the oil glands of M . × piperita , while Humphrey and Beale explained that the mevalonate pathway in higher plant cells is responsible for synthesizing the sesquiterpenes in the cytosol. All these compounds, expect β‐caryophyllene, are present in smaller amounts in the EOs of all the studied species.…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Furthermore, it is possible to hypothesize that the reason why pulegone is present in a low quantity in the EO of mint species is that this monoterpene is an intermediate compound in the menthol compound group and is synthesized from limonene, as it is driven by the regioselectivity of the hydroxylase enzymes, depending on the species, which can co‐act to produce pulegone–menthol in M . × piperita and the carvone compound group in M. spicata . Thus it is possible to assume that the postharvest management systems blocked the enzyme activities and other compounds.…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Postharvest management affects spearmint and calamint essential oils

2012

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Section: Resultssupporting

confidence: 84%

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Postharvest management affects spearmint and calamint essential oils

2012

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“…Among them are triterpenoids, plant secondary metabolites biosynthesized by the acetate/mevalonate pathway and ( 3S )-2,3-oxidosqualene cyclization (2). Oleanolic acid (OA) (3β-hydroxy-olean-12-en-28-oic acid) (Fig.…”

mentioning

confidence: 99%

Biochemical Basis of the Antidiabetic Activity of Oleanolic Acid and Related Pentacyclic Triterpenes

et al. 2013

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Oleanolic acid (OA), a natural component of many plant food and medicinal herbs, is endowed with a wide range of pharmacological properties whose therapeutic potential has only partly been exploited until now. Throughout complex and multifactorial mechanisms, OA exerts beneficial effects against diabetes and metabolic syndrome. It improves insulin response, preserves functionality and survival of β-cells, and protects against diabetes complications. OA may directly modulate enzymes connected to insulin biosynthesis, secretion, and signaling. However, its major contributions appear to be derived from the interaction with important transduction pathways, and many of its effects are consistently related to activation of the transcription factor Nrf2. Doing that, OA induces the expression of antioxidant enzymes and phase II response genes, blocks NF-κB, and represses the polyol pathway, AGEs production, and hyperlipidemia. The management of type 2 diabetes requires an integrated approach, which includes the early intervention to prevent or delay the disease progression, and the use of therapies to control glycemia and lipidemia in its late stages. In this sense, the use of functional foods or drugs containing OA is, undoubtedly, an interesting path.

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“…However, the given mechanistic functions of SPMEs demonstrate that these metabolites are essential for plant protection from environmental stress, therefore they are important for plants in spite of the wide variety of synthesized compounds among plants [44]. Accordingly, here we consider SPMEs as products distinct from primary metabolism belonging to the following groups based on structure: (i) phenolic compounds including flavonoids; (ii) terpenoids and steroids; and (iii) compounds containing nitrogen or sulfur, such as alkaloids, glucosinolates, and non-ribosomal peptides and proteins [45,46,47,48,49,50]. It should be noted that the role of primary and secondary metabolites can overlap, as is demonstrated in defense against biotic stress, which can be in Arabidopsis thaliana mediated by glutathione [51] as well as by various SPMEs derived from indole-like camalexin or glucosinolates [52].…”

Section: Root Exudates and Their Effects On Present Microfloramentioning

confidence: 99%

Effects of Secondary Plant Metabolites on Microbial Populations: Changes in Community Structure and Metabolic Activity in Contaminated Environments

Musilová

Rídl

Polívková

et al. 2016

IJMS

121

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Secondary plant metabolites (SPMEs) play an important role in plant survival in the environment and serve to establish ecological relationships between plants and other organisms. Communication between plants and microorganisms via SPMEs contained in root exudates or derived from litter decomposition is an example of this phenomenon. In this review, the general aspects of rhizodeposition together with the significance of terpenes and phenolic compounds are discussed in detail. We focus specifically on the effect of SPMEs on microbial community structure and metabolic activity in environments contaminated by polychlorinated biphenyls (PCBs) and polyaromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs). Furthermore, a section is devoted to a complex effect of plants and/or their metabolites contained in litter on bioremediation of contaminated sites. New insights are introduced from a study evaluating the effects of SPMEs derived during decomposition of grapefruit peel, lemon peel, and pears on bacterial communities and their ability to degrade PCBs in a long-term contaminated soil. The presented review supports the “secondary compound hypothesis” and demonstrates the potential of SPMEs for increasing the effectiveness of bioremediation processes.

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Terpenes

Cited by 19 publications

References 125 publications

Postharvest management affects spearmint and calamint essential oils

Postharvest management affects spearmint and calamint essential oils

Biochemical Basis of the Antidiabetic Activity of Oleanolic Acid and Related Pentacyclic Triterpenes

Effects of Secondary Plant Metabolites on Microbial Populations: Changes in Community Structure and Metabolic Activity in Contaminated Environments

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