Terpenes: Chemistry, Biological Role, and Therapeutic Applications

Brahmkshatriya, Priyanka P.; Brahmkshatriya, Pathik S.

doi:10.1007/978-3-642-22144-6_120

Cited by 87 publications

(67 citation statements)

References 144 publications

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“…[89] When both pathways were overexpressed in E. coli, isoprene production ( Figure 4) was increased by 20-fold or threefold than utilizing either of the DXP or the MEV pathway alone. It was confirmed by the 13 C flux analysis that the carbon flux of the two pathways were each increased by 4.8-fold and 1.5-fold in this case. The isoprene biosynthesis from glucose using only the DXP pathway requires 2 NAD(P)Hs and 3 ATPs, whereas the MEV pathway produces 4 NAD(P)Hs.…”

Section: C Flux Analysissupporting

confidence: 72%

“…Flux analysis employing 13 C labeling is useful for understanding biological mechanisms by quantitatively measuring the metabolites within specific pathways of interest. Synergy between the DXP and the MEV pathway was identified using the 13 C metabolic flux analysis.…”

Section: C Flux Analysismentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Synergy between the DXP and the MEV pathway was identified using the 13 C metabolic flux analysis. [89] When both pathways were overexpressed in E. coli, isoprene production ( Figure 4) was increased by 20-fold or threefold than utilizing either of the DXP or the MEV pathway alone.…”

Section: C Flux Analysismentioning

confidence: 99%

“…[12] They also contribute to natural flavors, aromatic herbal scents, and colorful hues of plants. [13] Terpenoids are basically composed of five-carbon building blocks (isoprene) and are modified by addition or removal of functional groups such as methyl and hydroxyl groups. The most fundamental classification system for terpenoids group compounds depends on the number of isoprene units comprising each compound, as shown in Figure 2.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…The most fundamental classification system for terpenoids group compounds depends on the number of isoprene units comprising each compound, as shown in Figure 2. [13] Terpenoids are widely utilized as natural flavoring compounds, [14] fragrances, [15] therapeutic agents, [16] modulators for metabolism, [17] and others. [18] Some terpenoids can be used as biofuels including jet fuels.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Metabolic Engineering of Microorganisms for the Production of Natural Compounds

Park

Yang

et al. 2017

Adv. Biosys.

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Natural products have been attracting much interest around the world for their diverse applications, especially in drug and food industries. Plants have been a major source of many different natural products. However, plants are affected by weather and environmental conditions and their successful extraction is rather limited. Chemical synthesis is inefficient due to the complexity of their chemical structures involving enantioselectivity and regioselectivity. For these reasons, an alternative means of overproducing valuable natural products using microorganisms has emerged. In recent years, various metabolic engineering strategies have been developed for the production of natural products by microorganisms. Here, the strategies taken to produce natural products are reviewed. For convenience, natural products are classified into four main categories: terpenoids, phenylpropanoids, polyketides, and alkaloids. For each product category, the strategies for establishing and rewiring the metabolic network for heterologous natural product biosynthesis, systems approaches undertaken to optimize production hosts, and the strategies for fermentation optimization are reviewed. Taken together, metabolic engineering has enabled microorganisms to serve as a prominent platform for natural compounds production. This article examines both the conventional and novel strategies of metabolic engineering, providing general strategies for complex natural compound production through the development of robust microbial‐cell factories.

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Section: C Flux Analysissupporting

confidence: 72%

Section: C Flux Analysismentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: C Flux Analysismentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Metabolic Engineering of Microorganisms for the Production of Natural Compounds

Park

Yang

et al. 2017

Adv. Biosys.

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Targeting lactate metabolism and glycolytic pathways in the tumor microenvironment by natural products: A promising strategy in combating cancer

et al. 2021

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Anticancer drugs are not purely effective because of their toxicity, side effects, high cost, inaccessibility, and associated resistance. On the other hand, cancer is a complex public health problem that could intelligently adopt different signaling pathways and alter the body's metabolism to escape from the immune system. One of the cancer strategies to metastasize is modifying pH in the tumor microenvironment, ranging between 6.5 and 6.9. As a powerful determiner, lactate is responsible for this acidosis. It is involved in immune stimulation, including innate and adaptive immunity, apoptotic‐related factors (Bax/Bcl‐2, caspase), and glycolysis pathways (e.g., GLUT‐1, PKM2, PFK, HK2, MCT‐1, and LDH). Lactate metabolism, in turn, is interconnected with several dysregulated signaling mediators, including PI3K/Akt/mTOR, AMPK, NF‐κB, Nrf2, JAK/STAT, and HIF‐1α. Because of lactate's emerging and critical role, targeting lactate production and its transporters is important for preventing and managing tumorigenesis. Hence, exploring and developing novel promising anticancer agents to minimize human cancers is urgent. Based on numerous studies, natural secondary metabolites as multi‐target alternative compounds with health‐promoting properties possess more high effectiveness and low side effects than conventional agents. Besides, the mechanism of multi‐targeted natural sources is related to lactate production and cancer‐associated cross‐talked factors. This review focuses on targeting the lactate metabolism/transporters, and lactate‐associated mediators, including glycolytic pathways. Besides, interconnected mediators to lactate metabolism are also targeted by natural products. Accordingly, plant‐derived secondary metabolites are introduced as alternative therapies in combating cancer through modulating lactate metabolism and glycolytic pathways.

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Chemical Components, Biological Activities, and Toxicological Evaluation of the Fruit (Aril) of Two Precious Plant Species from Genus Taxus

Pan

Zhang

et al. 2017

Chemistry & Biodiversity

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The fruit (aril) of the endangered genus Taxus plants is an abandoned herbal resource. Traditionally, people enthusiastically focus on its bark, its renewable, tremendous arils fall into the soil with seeds after they are mature. The present research investigated the fruit of two species from the genus Taxus, Taxus chinensis var. mairei, and Taxus media, with regards to their antioxidant and antihyperglycaemic activities, safety, and bioactive constituents. Results showed that T. chinensis var. mairei and T. media both had certain biological activities with T. chinensis var. mairei better in antioxidant activity and T. media better in antihyperglycaemic activity. Correlation analysis revealed that the differences in bioactivities depended on content of their mainly chemical components. The mice acute oral toxicity test indicated that the methanol extracts of the two biotypes of Taxus were safe. And nineteen compounds were tentatively assigned from the two varieties, via tandem mass spectrometry using a LC-ESI-Q-TOF-MS instrument, which included phenols, flavonoids, and terpenes. These results indicate a possible application of Taxus fruit extracts in various fields like in food industry, however, this still needs further investigations.

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Terpenes: Chemistry, Biological Role, and Therapeutic Applications

Cited by 87 publications

References 144 publications

Metabolic Engineering of Microorganisms for the Production of Natural Compounds

Metabolic Engineering of Microorganisms for the Production of Natural Compounds

Targeting lactate metabolism and glycolytic pathways in the tumor microenvironment by natural products: A promising strategy in combating cancer

Chemical Components, Biological Activities, and Toxicological Evaluation of the Fruit (Aril) of Two Precious Plant Species from Genus Taxus

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