Terpenoid and Fatty Acid Profiling along with Anti‐Tyrosinase and Anti‐Urease Potentials of Scorzonera pygmaea Sibth. & Sm. an Endemic Plant of Turkey

Abstract

Petroleum ether (PE), chloroform (CH), ethyl acetate (EA) and butanol (BU) fractions were obtained from ethanol extracts of the roots (SPR) and the above ground (SPH) parts of S. pygmaea. PE fractions were evaluated by GC/MS for profiling the terpenoids and the fatty acids of the plant. 29 compounds in total including saturated (major palmitic acid), unsaturated (major linoleic acid) fatty acids and triterpenes were tentatively determined. Short‐term extraction methods might be preferred to avoid esterification of fatty acids. Phytochemical profiles of SPR‐PE and SPH‐PE were found to be similar to each other and to other few Scorzonera species reported previously. These results will contribute to the chemotaxonomic studies about the genus which is considered taxonomically complex genus. Activity studies were carried out using kojic acid (87.10 % inhibition) standard for tyrosinase and thiourea (95.83 % inhibition) standard for urease. SPR‐CH was determined as the most potent fraction with 55.94 % and 55.10 % inhibition of tyrosinase and urease, respectively at the same concentration of the standards (200 microgram/mL). These moderate results might be considered encouraging for more detailed studies to determine the active compounds and to evaluate the plant's potential in pharmaceutical, food and cosmetic industries in terms of tyrosinase and urease inhibition.

A Comprehensive Study on a Medicinal and Edible Plant Scorzonera incisa DC., Discussing the Natural Limits of Phytochemical Profiling

“…Only the BU fraction of S. incisa showed a weak inhibitory effect on this enzyme comparing thiourea. The results are in accordance with previous studies conducted on the other species of the genus [45] …”

“…The EA and BU fractions of S. incisa showed approximately one‐third of the anti‐tyrosinase activity of the standard kojic acid. These results are in accordance with the previous reports about the anti‐tyrosinase activity of other Scorzonera L. species [45] . However, despite the current results, lower anti‐tyrosinase potential was reported by a previous study conducted on S. incisa from another location.…”

“…These results are in accordance with the previous reports about the antityrosinase activity of other Scorzonera L. species. [45] However, despite the current results, lower anti-tyrosinase potential was reported by a previous study conducted on S. incisa from another location. This might be explained by different sources, solvents, and concentrations.…”

“…The results are in accordance with previous studies conducted on the other species of the genus. [45] Finally, the antioxidant potentials of the fractions obtained from the ethanol extract of S. incisa were evaluated. Edible and Table 4.…”

Investigation of the Dual Role of Scorzonera pygmaea: Cytotoxic Activity and Antioxidant Potential

“…Previous studies have identified phenolic compounds in the aerial and subaerial parts of S. pygmaea and reported their antioxidant, antimicrobial, and anti-inflammatory activities [16,17]. In a recent study, 29 terpenoids and fatty acids were profiled from S. pygmaea, and the extracts were evaluated for tyrosinase and urease inhibitory activity [18]. Despite various studies on Scorzonera species, there is a glaring gap in our understanding of the cytotoxic, apoptotic, and genotoxic effects of S. pygmaea.…”