Terpenoid and flavonoid spectrum of in vitro cultures of Glycyrrhiza glabra revealed high chemical heterogeneity: platform to understand biosynthesis

Abstract

Simultaneous qualitative and quantitative assessment of eight flavonoids and two terpenoids were performed in fourteen in vitro raised morphogenic cultures of Glycyrrhiza glabra. Our study revealed that the spectrum and production of ten compounds, under investigation, were higher in organized tissue than the undifferentiated mass, however, aerial portions of the in vitro raised plants (leaf and stem) were found to be devoid of therapeutically relevant triterpenoid, glycyrrhizin. A correlation was observed between cell maturation, morphological differentiation and glycyrrhizin accumulation. Mature stolons (4 months) were characterized by the maximum accumulation of glycyrrhizin (8.60 lg/mg) in in vitro plantlets. The cytotoxic effect of the extracts evaluated against a panel of human cancer cell lines (in vitro) indicated that the pancreatic cell line (MIA-PaCa-2) were sensitive to all the fourteen extracts investigated. To the best of our knowledge this is the first comprehensive report relating plant growth regulators to metabolite spectrum and cytotoxic assessment in in vitro raised G. glabra cultures. Overall, our findings demonstrated that the metabolite spectrum of in vitro raised morphogenetic lines, under different stages of maturation, might offer a platform to understand the regulatory aspects of the concerned metabolite pathway and their consequent role in differentiation.

Synthesis and Accumulation of Phytocompounds in Field-, Tissue-Culture Grown (Stress) Root Tissues and Simultaneous Defense Response Activity in Glycyrrhiza glabra L.

“…Similarly, n-hexadecanoic acid, which was exclusively found in the in vitro derived root tissue, is known to exhibit anti-inflammatory, anti-bacterial and anti-oxidant properties [47,48]. Consistent with our findings, Khan et al [3] reported the presence of important flavonoids and triterpenoids in the in vitro cultures of G. glabra.…”

Transcriptome-wide identification of squalene epoxidase genes from Glycyrrhiza glabra L.: expression analysis and heterologous expression of GgSQE1 suggest important role in terpenoid biosynthesis

“…Finally, the dried plant extract generated from the equal weight (1 g) of the starting material was dissolved in methanol before subjecting to GC-MS analysis with an injection volume of 1 μl. The procedure for glycyrrhizin extraction from the in vitro-regenerated G. glabra plants was essentially similar to the earlier published reports (Gupta et al 2013 ; Khan et al 2016 ).…”

“…Temporal and spatial analyses were performed using in vitro-regenerated plantlets, plants grown under glass house conditions and field-grown plants. For elicitation studies, in vitro plants, cultured in liquid MS medium (3% sucrose supplemented with 0.05 μM of NAA), as described earlier from our lab (Gupta et al 2013 ; Khan et al 2016 ), were used. Each set of treatment and control was employed in triplicates and harvested on defined time.…”

“…The lyophilized ABA- and GA 3 -treated aerial tissues and the untreated control of the in vitro-regenerated G. glabra plants were extracted and analysed following the published protocol (Khan et al 2016 ). Briefly, analytical chromatographic separations of the extract were carried out on a chromolith performance RP-18e column (100 × 4.6 mm, Merck, Germany) protected by a chromolith guard column of the same company.…”

Herbal Therapy for the Treatment of Seborrhea Dermatitis

“…Some of the compounds contained in this plant were glycerin, butin, quercetin, and glabridin. 62 These compounds thought to play a role in the inhibitory activity against Malassezia was glabridin. Previous studies had shown that glabiridine isolates trigger the overexpression of apoptosis-inducing factor genes in Candida albicans .…”