Terrestrial and marine biomarkers in a seasonally ice-covered Arctic estuary — integration of multivariate and biomarker approaches

Yunker, Mark B.; Macdonald, Robie W.; Veltkamp, David J.; Cretney, Walter J.

doi:10.1016/0304-4203(94)00057-k

Cited by 246 publications

(144 citation statements)

References 88 publications

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“…All fatty acid components up to carbon chain length of 22 were determined in this study, however, and the data are available on doi:10.1594/PANGAEA.602289. The short-chain n-alkanes, which are also stated to be of marine origin (Blumer et al, 1971;Prahl and Muehlhausen 1989), and the corresponding long-chain components, indicating a terrigenous organic carbon source (Nichols et al 1984;Prahl and Muehlhausen 1989;Yunker et al 1995), occur only in trace amounts in the samples. In order to estimate the relevance of ''terrestrial input'' campesterol (24-methylcholest-5-en-b-ol) and b-sitosterol (24-ethylcholest-5-en-3b-ol), synthesized by higher plants (e.g.…”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 92%

Lithogenic and biogenic particle fluxes on the Lomonosov Ridge (central Arctic Ocean) and their relevance for sediment accumulation: Vertical vs. lateral transport

Fahl

Nöthig

2007

Deep Sea Research Part I: Oceanographic Research Papers

109

107

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Investigations of lithogenic and biogenic particle fluxes using long-term sediment traps are still very rare in the northern high latitudes and are restricted to the arctic marginal seas and sub-arctic regions. Here data on the variability of fluxes of lithogenic matter, CaCO 3 , opal, and organic carbon and biomarker composition from the central Arctic Ocean are presented for a 1-year period. The study was carried out on material obtained from a long-term mooring system equipped with two multi-sampling traps, at 150 and 1550 m depth, and deployed on the southern Lomonosov Ridge close to the Laptev Sea continental margin from September 1995 to August 1996. In addition, data from surface sediments were included in the study. Annual fluxes of lithogenic matter, CaCO 3 , opal, and particulate organic carbon were 3.9, 0.8, 2.6, and 1.5 g m À2 y À1 , respectively, in the shallow trap and 11.3, 0.5, 2.9, and 1.05 g m À2 y À1 , respectively, in the deep trap.Both the shallow and the deep trap showed significant variations in vertical flux over the year. Higher values were found from mid-July to the end of October (total mass flux of 75-130 mg m À2 d À1 in the shallow trap and 40-225 mg m À2 d À1 in the deep trap). During all other months, fluxes were fairly low in both traps (most total mass flux values o10 mg m À2 d À1 ). The interval of increased fluxes can be separated into (1) a mid-July/August maximum caused by increased primary production as documented in high abundances of marine biomarkers and diatoms and (2) a September/October maximum caused by increased influence of Lena River discharge indicated by maximum lithogenic flux and large amounts of terrigenous/fluvial biomarkers in both traps. During September/October, total mass fluxes in the deep trap were significantly higher than in the shallow trap, suggesting a lateral sediment flux at greater depth. The lithogenic flux data also support the importance of sediment input from the Laptev Sea for the sediment accumulation on the Lomonosov Ridge on geological time scales, as indicated in sedimentary records from this region. r

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Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 92%

Lithogenic and biogenic particle fluxes on the Lomonosov Ridge (central Arctic Ocean) and their relevance for sediment accumulation: Vertical vs. lateral transport

Fahl

Nöthig

2007

Deep Sea Research Part I: Oceanographic Research Papers

109

107

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“…The enhanced level of the 16:1(n-7) fatty acid in most of the benthic organisms from the northeast Greenland shelf indicates that dietary fatty acids are important components in benthic animals. To what extent typical fatty acids are incorporated unmodified by benthic organisms is, of course, also dependant on the water depth in which they occur, since the lipid compositions of phytoplankton and detritus can be altered considerably during sedimentation due to catabolic processes (Peake et al 1974;Wakeham et al 1980;Kawamura & Ishiwatari 1981;Santos et al 1994;Yunker et al 1995).…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…However, large diatom cells are known for their fast sedimentation to the seafloor, thus offering a nutritious diet to the benthic community (Yunker et al 1995). Since phytoplankton marker fatty acids can be ingested by benthic specimens directly via phytoplankton and particles, as well as indirectly via zooplankton, the definite origin is uncertain.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Lipids in Arctic benthos: does the fatty acid and alcohol composition reflect feeding and trophic interactions?

1997

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Arctic benthic organisms of various taxa (Anthozoa, Polychaeta, Pantopoda, Crustacea, Echinodermata) were collected on the shelves off northeast Greenland, Spitsbergen and the western Barents Sea. Their fatty acid compositions were generally characterised by the predominance of the polyunsaturated fatty acids 20:5(n-3) and 22:6(n-3) together with the saturated fatty acid 16:0, which reflect the dominance of phospholipids. The fatty acid compositions of most benthic specimens were influenced by fatty acids of dietary origin.

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“…Sterols support the terrestrial source: they had high fluxes as well as their maximum contents (not shown) in these two cups (Table 1). Whereas campesterol and X -sitosterol are derived from higher land plants (Huang and Meinschein, 1976;Volkmann, 1984), dinosterol and brassicasterol can be derived from both fresh water and marine algae (Fahl and Stein, 1999;Robinson et al, 1984;Thiel, 1993;Yunker et al, 1995). As fluxes and contents of all sterols were significantly correlated we can assume that the algal sterols were mainly fresh-water derived.…”

Section: Ice Covered Seasonmentioning

confidence: 97%

“…The algal derived brassicasterol had high fluxes after ice break up in 2002 whereas the land plant derived campesterol and X -sitosterol did not increase significantly (Table 3). We can, therefore, assume that the high brassicasterol flux was of marine origin (Yunker et al, 1995) and that the flux peak at the Kara 01 location occurring after ice break had only a weak land derived component.…”

Section: Seasonality Of Fluxes At Kara 01mentioning

confidence: 99%

Particulate matter fluxes in the southern and central Kara Sea compared to sediments: Bulk fluxes, amino acids, stable carbon and nitrogen isotopes, sterols and fatty acids

Gaye

Fahl

Kodina

et al. 2007

Continental Shelf Research

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The Kara Sea is one of the arctic marginal seas strongly influenced by fresh water and river suspension. The highly seasonal discharge by the two major rivers Yenisei and Ob induces seasonal changes in hydrography, sea surface temperature, ice cover, primary production and sedimentation. In order to obtain a seasonal pattern of sedimentation in the Kara Sea, sediment traps were deployed near the river mouth of the Yenisei (Yen) as well as in the central Kara Sea (Kara) within the framework of the German-Russian project ''Siberian River run-off; SIRRO''. Two and a half years of time-series flux data were obtained between September 2000 and April 2003 and were analyzed for bulk components, amino acids, stable carbon and nitrogen isotopes as well as sterols and fatty acids.Sediment trap data show that much of the annual deposition occurred under ice cover, possibly enhanced by zooplanktonic activity and sediment resuspension. An early bloom of ice-associated algae in April/May occurred in the polynya area and may have been very important to sustain the life cycles of higher organisms after the light limitation of the winter months due to no/low insolation and ice cover. The strong river input dominated the months June-August in the southern part of the Kara Sea. The central Kara Sea had a much shorter productive period starting in August and was less affected by the river plumes. Despite different time-scales of sampling and trapping biases, total annual fluxes from traps were in the same order of magnitude as accumulation rates in surface sediments. Terrestrial organic carbon accumulation decreased from 10.7 to 0.3 g C m À2 a À1 from the riverine source to the central Kara Sea. Parallel to this, preservation of marine organic matter decreased from 10% to 2% of primary productivity which was probably related to decreasing rates of sedimentation. r

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Terrestrial and marine biomarkers in a seasonally ice-covered Arctic estuary — integration of multivariate and biomarker approaches

Cited by 246 publications

References 88 publications

Lithogenic and biogenic particle fluxes on the Lomonosov Ridge (central Arctic Ocean) and their relevance for sediment accumulation: Vertical vs. lateral transport

Lithogenic and biogenic particle fluxes on the Lomonosov Ridge (central Arctic Ocean) and their relevance for sediment accumulation: Vertical vs. lateral transport

Lipids in Arctic benthos: does the fatty acid and alcohol composition reflect feeding and trophic interactions?

Particulate matter fluxes in the southern and central Kara Sea compared to sediments: Bulk fluxes, amino acids, stable carbon and nitrogen isotopes, sterols and fatty acids

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