Terrestrial Laser Scanner techniques in the assessment of tsunami impact on the Maddalena peninsula (south-eastern Sicily, Italy)

Scicchitano, Giovanni; Pignatelli, Cosimo; Spampinato, Cecilia Rita; Piscitelli, Alessandra; Milella, Maurilio; Monaco, Carmelo; Mastronuzzi, Giuseppe

doi:10.5047/eps.2011.11.009

Cited by 38 publications

(25 citation statements)

References 58 publications

(106 reference statements)

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“…The TLS-based high-resolution 3D reconstructions of all boulders, in combination with accurate density measurements of large dislocated boulders, yielded more accurate data than previous approaches. Similar results can be found in Spiske et al (2008), Scicchitano et al (2012) and Hoffmann et al (2013). However, the TLSbased method is susceptible to systematic errors (for example, accuracy of TLS), calculation errors (for example, manual 3D reconstruction for areas out of sight) and errors in interpretation (for example, manual determination of boulder axes in the case of complexly shaped boulders).…”

Section: Boulder Mass Estimationssupporting

confidence: 74%

“…The calculation of reliable results to be used in wave transport equations requires more accurate input parameters. The latter can be conducted for instance by RTK‐positioning (real‐time kinematic positioning) (Engel & May, ), stereo‐photogrammetric approaches (Gienko & Terry, ; Rovere et al ., ) or terrestrial laser scanning (TLS) (Scicchitano et al ., ; Hoffmann et al ., ). Hoffmeister et al .…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…The calculation of reliable results to be used in wave transport equations requires more accurate input parameters. The latter can be conducted for instance by RTK-positioning (real-time kinematic positioning) (Engel & May, 2012), stereo-photogrammetric approaches (Gienko & Terry, 2014;Rovere et al, 2017) or terrestrial laser scanning (TLS) (Scicchitano et al, 2012;Hoffmann et al, 2013). Hoffmeister et al (2014) presented a dataset of 16 boulders from 2008 in western Greece and showed an average overestimation of boulder mass of 67% based on multiplication of the axes of boulders in contrast to the more accurate three-dimensional reconstruction and volume calculation.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Monitoring the sedimentary budget and dislocated boulders in western Greece – results since 2008

2020

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Dislocated boulders are one sign of high‐energy wave impacts on coasts. These high‐energy impacts, caused by severe storms or tsunamis, can trigger initial cracking and transport of boulders. Monitoring of these boulders, as well as the associated coastal sites is important in distinguishing between gradual coastal processes and high‐energy events. Western Greece is a seismically active area, where tsunamis and high‐energetic storms might occur and such past events are documented by historic and geoscientific research, making it an ideal location for monitoring dislocated boulders. Since 2008, monitoring of eight different coastal sites in this region was conducted by terrestrial laser scanning and photogrammetric approaches, with low‐cost unmanned aerial vehicles. The re‐use of similar surveying points in following years, allowed highly accurate monitoring. Point clouds derived from these methods were evaluated for change detection by point cloud comparisons. The data were also used to establish accurate three‐dimensional models of dislocated boulders (n = 70). The determined boulder volumes of these accurate three‐dimensional models were incorporated in wave transport equations and wave decay curves, and compared with monitoring results. A comprehensive overview of dislocated boulders in western Greece is presented. Three‐dimensional boulder reconstruction is compared to an approach which uses a tape‐based measuring of boulder axes, with the tape‐based measurement showing a mean overestimation of mass by 32%. Accurate monitoring over time by both methods, is achieved by using fixed networks of reference points. Changes for each site over time, detected by direct point cloud comparisons, are fit to the possible inundation calculated by wave decay curves based on computed minimum wave heights for boulder transport. Both storm and tsunami waves may have initiated movement from the cliff edge and further transport is also possible. However, boulders showed no further movement from their current position in the area for the time period of this study.

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Section: Boulder Mass Estimationssupporting

confidence: 74%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Monitoring the sedimentary budget and dislocated boulders in western Greece – results since 2008

2020

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“…Although some authors consider that the amplitude of tsunami waves should not be inferred from the moved boulder characteristics Switzer & Burston, 2010;Weiss, 2012; among others), these equations constituted a way to obtain an approximation of the wave height, and they have been used in several studies related to tsunami and storm generated boulder fields during the last decades (Scicchitano et al, 2007(Scicchitano et al, , 2012Maouche et al, 2009;Paris et al, 2010).…”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Coastal boulder deposit as evidence of an ocean‐wide prehistoric tsunami originated on the Atacama Desert coast (northern Chile)

et al. 2019

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A Late Holocene cliff‐top deposit of large boulders well above the limits of modern storm waves is described from the southern coast of the Atacama Desert (northern Chile). The largest moved boulder weighs >40 t and field data point to a flood height >18·5 m above high tide level and an inland penetration greater than 284 m from the cliff edge. The minimum flow velocity needed for particle entrainment was estimated as 10·1 ms−1 and the most likely processes of sediment deposition for different boulders were deduced. The boulder distribution, sorting and orientation of imbricated debris, together with the significant wave height of extreme storms reported and the occurrence of interplate earthquakes in the study area indicate that the deposit records a single event, interpreted here as a tsunami wave train rather than exceptional storm waves. The boulder field was dated to between the 13th and the 16th Centuries ce and possibly correlates with the 1420 Oei orphan tsunami, that affected the eastern coast of Japan. A magnitude of 8·8 to 9·4 has been estimated for the earthquake, which may be one of the larger events of a super‐cycle of earthquakes in the southern Atacama Desert. These cycle‐ending earthquakes involve large rupture areas (lengths in excess of 600 km) and highly destructive ocean‐wide tsunamigenic events.

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“…One of the most impressive pieces of evidence of extreme wave impact on the Mediterranean coasts is represented by the occurrence of mega-boulders, sparse or in fields or berms whose accumulations have been attributed both to tsunamis and storm events Sansò, 2000, 2004;Mastronuzzi et al, 2007;Scicchitano et al, 2007Scicchitano et al, , 2012Barbano et al, 2010;Vacchi et al, 2012;Raji et al, 2015). Notwithstanding the impressive growth in the last 50 years of studies aimed to develop an appropriate methodology, which may (in the absence of field witnesses) link these boulder deposits to a well-defined process (Williams and Hall, 2004;Hall et al, 2006;Mastronuzzi et al, 2006;Scheffers and Scheffers, 2006;Pignatelli et al, 2009;Goto et al, 2010), no undisputed consensus has yet been reached on how to differentiate between the boulders accumulated by a sea storm from those deposited by a tsunami.…”

mentioning

confidence: 99%

Boulder accumulations related to extreme wave events on the eastern coast of Malta

Biolchi

Furlani

Antonioli

et al. 2016

Nat. Hazards Earth Syst. Sci.

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Abstract. The accumulation of large boulders related to waves generated by either tsunamis or extreme storm events have been observed in different areas of the Mediterranean Sea. Along the eastern low-lying rocky coasts of Malta, five sites with large boulder deposits have been investigated, measured and mapped. These boulders have been detached and moved from the nearshore and the lowest parts of the coast by sea wave action. In the Sicily-Malta channel, heavy storms are common and originate from the NE and NW winds. Conversely, few tsunamis have been recorded in historical documents to have reached the Maltese archipelago.We present a multi-disciplinary study, which aims to define the characteristics of these boulder accumulations, in order to assess the coastal geo-hazard implications triggered by the sheer ability of extreme waves to detach and move large rocky blocks inland.The wave heights required to transport 77 coastal boulders were calculated using various hydrodynamic equations. Particular attention was given to the quantification of the input parameters required in the workings of these equations, such as size, density and distance from the coast. In addition, accelerator mass spectrometry (AMS) 14 C ages were determined from selected samples of marine organisms encrusted on some of the coastal boulders. The combination of the results obtained both by the hydrodynamic equations, which provided values comparable with those observed and measured during the storms, and radiocarbon dating suggests that the majority of the boulders have been detached and moved by intense storm waves. These boulders testify to the existence of a real hazard for the coasts of Malta, i.e. that of very high storm waves, which, during exceptional storms, are able to detach large blocks of volumes exceeding 10 m 3 from the coastal edge and the nearshore bottom, and also to transport them inland. Nevertheless, the occurrence of one or more tsunami events cannot be ruled out, since radiocarbon dating of some marine organisms did reveal ages which may be related to historically known tsunamis in the Mediterranean region, such as the ones in AD 963, 1329, 1693 and 1743.

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Terrestrial Laser Scanner techniques in the assessment of tsunami impact on the Maddalena peninsula (south-eastern Sicily, Italy)

Cited by 38 publications

References 58 publications

Monitoring the sedimentary budget and dislocated boulders in western Greece – results since 2008

Monitoring the sedimentary budget and dislocated boulders in western Greece – results since 2008

Coastal boulder deposit as evidence of an ocean‐wide prehistoric tsunami originated on the Atacama Desert coast (northern Chile)

Boulder accumulations related to extreme wave events on the eastern coast of Malta

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