Terrestrial laser scanning observations of geomorphic changes and varying lava lake levels at Erebus volcano, Antarctica

Jones, Laura K.; Kyle, Philip R.; Oppenheimer, Clive; Frechette, J. D.; Okal, Marianne

doi:10.1016/j.jvolgeores.2015.02.011

Cited by 35 publications

(35 citation statements)

References 46 publications

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“…However, we did not investigate either vulnerability or preparedness. For hazard mitigation to be successful, it is of utmost importance to effectively communicate scientific results as well as the uncertainties related to lava flow hazards to the local emergency management authorities and decision makers (Kauahikaua and Tilling, 2014;Poland et al, 2016). N. Richter et al: Lava flow hazard at Fogo Volcano, Cabo Verde…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Lava flow hazard at Fogo Volcano, Cabo Verde, before and after the 2014–2015 eruption

Richter

Favalli

Dalfsen

et al. 2016

Nat. Hazards Earth Syst. Sci.

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Abstract. Lava flow simulations help to better understand volcanic hazards and may assist emergency preparedness at active volcanoes. We demonstrate that at Fogo Volcano, Cabo Verde, such simulations can explain the 2014–2015 lava flow crisis and therefore provide a valuable base to better prepare for the next inevitable eruption. We conducted topographic mapping in the field and a satellite-based remote sensing analysis. We produced the first topographic model of the 2014–2015 lava flow from combined terrestrial laser scanner (TLS) and photogrammetric data. This high-resolution topographic information facilitates lava flow volume estimates of 43.7 ± 5.2 × 106 m3 from the vertical difference between pre- and posteruptive topographies. Both the pre-eruptive and updated digital elevation models (DEMs) serve as the fundamental input data for lava flow simulations using the well-established DOWNFLOW algorithm. Based on thousands of simulations, we assess the lava flow hazard before and after the 2014–2015 eruption. We find that, although the lava flow hazard has changed significantly, it remains high at the locations of two villages that were destroyed during this eruption. This result is of particular importance as villagers have already started to rebuild the settlements. We also analysed satellite radar imagery acquired by the German TerraSAR-X (TSX) satellite to map lava flow emplacement over time. We obtain the lava flow boundaries every 6 to 11 days during the eruption, which assists the interpretation and evaluation of the lava flow model performance. Our results highlight the fact that lava flow hazards change as a result of modifications of the local topography due to lava flow emplacement. This implies the need for up-to-date topographic information in order to assess lava flow hazards. We also emphasize that areas that were once overrun by lava flows are not necessarily safer, even if local lava flow thicknesses exceed the average lava flow thickness. Our observations will be important for the next eruption of Fogo Volcano and have implications for future lava flow crises and disaster response efforts at basaltic volcanoes elsewhere in the world.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Therefore, the technique is usually applied to study smaller areas of ∼ 1-5 km 2 in very high spatial (centimetre scale) and temporal resolutions (up to 1 scan every 10 min) (e.g. James et al, 2009;Jones et al, 2015;Slatcher et al, 2015).…”

Section: Posteruptive Dem Generation and Lava Flow Characteristicsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Lava flow hazard at Fogo Volcano, Cabo Verde, before and after the 2014–2015 eruption

Richter

Favalli

Dalfsen

et al. 2016

Nat. Hazards Earth Syst. Sci.

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“…Recent advances in remote sensing have provided numerous techniques for generating DEMs, which can be used to build up a time series of topographic change at active volcanoes (Bagnardi et al, ; Cashman et al, ; Diefenbach et al, ; Harris et al, ; Jones et al, ; Pinel et al, ; Schilling et al, ; Wadge, Voight, et al, ). Satellite radar is especially well suited to making repeat measurements of active volcanoes as it can cover a swath of 10–350 km at spatial resolutions of 1–10 m and repeat times of days to weeks, even at night or during cloudy conditions (Pinel et al, ; Wadge, Mattioli, & Herd, ).…”

Section: Surface Morphologymentioning

confidence: 99%

Decaying Lava Extrusion Rate at El Reventador Volcano, Ecuador, Measured Using High‐Resolution Satellite Radar

et al. 2017

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Lava extrusion at erupting volcanoes causes rapid changes in topography and morphology on the order of tens or even hundreds of meters. Satellite radar provides a method for measuring changes in topographic height over a given time period to an accuracy of meters, either by measuring the width of radar shadow cast by steep sided features, or by measuring the difference in radar phase between two sensors separated in space. We measure height changes, and hence estimate extruded lava volume flux, at El Reventador, Ecuador, between 2011 and 2016, using data from the RADARSAT‐2 and TanDEM‐X satellite missions. We find that 39 new lava flows were extruded between 9 February 2012 and 24 August 2016, with a cumulative volume of 44.8M m3 dense rock equivalent and a gradually decreasing eruption rate. The average dense rock rate of lava extrusion during this time is 0.31 ± 0.02 m3 s−1, which is similar to the long‐term average from 1972 to 2016. Apart from a volumetrically small dyke opening event between 9 March and 10 June 2012, lava extrusion at El Reventador is not accompanied by any significant magmatic ground deformation. We use a simple physics‐based model to estimate that the volume of the magma reservoir under El Reventador is greater than 3 km3. Our lava extrusion data can be equally well fit by models representing a closed reservoir depressurising during the eruption with no magma recharge, or an open reservoir with a time‐constant magma recharge rate of up to 0.35 ± 0.01 m3 s−1.

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“…Up to now, TLS has mainly been used for the investigation of dormant or quiescent volcanos, examples include the topographic modelling of volcanic cones [19], the 3D reconstruction of volcanic facies [20], the lithological discrimination based on backscattered intensity signals [21], the investigation of geomorphic changes [22] and other engineering geological applications [23]. The near real-time investigation of dynamic surface processes such as lava flows on active volcanoes constitute a great …”

Section: Studying Volcanic Features and Active Lava Flowsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“Use of 3D Point Clouds in Geohazards” Special Issue: Current Challenges and Future Trends

2016

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Terrestrial laser scanning observations of geomorphic changes and varying lava lake levels at Erebus volcano, Antarctica

Cited by 35 publications

References 46 publications

Lava flow hazard at Fogo Volcano, Cabo Verde, before and after the 2014–2015 eruption

Lava flow hazard at Fogo Volcano, Cabo Verde, before and after the 2014–2015 eruption

Decaying Lava Extrusion Rate at El Reventador Volcano, Ecuador, Measured Using High‐Resolution Satellite Radar

“Use of 3D Point Clouds in Geohazards” Special Issue: Current Challenges and Future Trends

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