The study of the social imaginary of the actors affected by environmental pollution in local areas where formal and informal mining activities take place is highly relevant to achieve the desired complementarity and harmony between development based on extractivism and the protection of the environment. The objective of the article is to analyze and interpret the feelings, thoughts, meanings and actions of the actors around the environmental pollution produced by informal and illegal mining in the Suches river basin in Cojata, Puno-Perú. The methodological design is interpretive phenomenology, because it analyzes and interprets the subjectivities and intersubjectivities of the actors, collected through: Semistructured interview, focus group and observation. As a result, the social imaginary of the actors is expressed in a strong opposition and rejection of informal and illegal mining, because in the last 15 years it would have generated harmful effects on the environment: Contamination of rivers, vegetation, animal health and human health. It is concluded that, given the radical imaginary of local actors, multilevel political actions based on approaches and sincere policies in the design and implementation of environmental management instruments are essential.