Territory and abiotic resources between 33 and 15.6 ka at Vale Boi (SW Portugal)

Pereira, Telmo; Bicho, Nuno; Cascalheira, João; Infantini, Leandro; Marreiros, João; Paixão, Eduardo; Terradas, Xavier

doi:10.1016/j.quaint.2015.08.071

Cited by 10 publications

(9 citation statements)

References 23 publications

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“…Finally, bovines and wild boar were exclusively identified in the older “JJ” layer. For Vale Boi, dated between 31,500 and 29,000 BP, 37 , 38 60 out of 84 samples could be assigned a confident species identification. The remaining 24 samples failed to meet the abundance-based quality threshold and were therefore not assigned a species iden tity.…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Reference samples for Bos primigenius, Bison bonasus, Capra hircus, Equus asinus, Equus primigenius, mule (Equus caballus X Equus asinus), Pongo pygmaeus, Gorilla gorilla, and Pan troglodytes were provided by the Natural History Museum of Denmark. The set of 213 upper-palaeolithic bone fragments from three Portuguese sites consisted of 84 samples from level 6 (29,300 BP 37 ), level 7 (30,400 BP 38 ), and level 8 (31,500 BP, unpublished) from Vale Boi, 95 samples from layers GG-II (38.000 - 41,000 BP) and JJ (45,000 BP 35, 36 ) from Lapa do Picareiro, and 34 samples from Galeria 1 and 2 from Gruta da Companheira. 41…”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

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SPIN - Species by Proteome INvestigation

Ruether

Husic

Bangsgaard

et al. 2021

Preprint

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Genetic species determination has become an indispensable tool in forensics, archaeology, ecology, and food authentication. The available methods are either suited for detecting a single taxon across many samples or for screening a wide range of species across a few samples. Here, we introduce "Species by Proteome INvestigation" (SPIN), a proteomics workflow capable of querying over 150 mammalian species in 7.2 minutes of mass spectrometry (MS) analysis. Streamlined and automated sample preparation by protein aggregation capture, high-speed chromatography and data-independent acquisition, and a confident species inference algorithm facilitate processing hundreds of samples per day. We demonstrate the correct classification of known references, reproducible species identification in degraded Iron-Age material from Scandinavia, and test the limits of our methods with Middle and Upper Palaeolithic bones from Southern European sites with late Neanderthal occupation. While this initial study is focused on modern and archaeological mammalian bone, SPIN will be open and expandable with other biological tissues and taxa.

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Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

SPIN - Species by Proteome INvestigation

Ruether

Husic

Bangsgaard

et al. 2021

Preprint

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“…In previous studies, technological idiosyncrasies of VB have been noted and are not exclusive for LGM occupations [121]. Possible explanations are related with the low knapping quality of chert, featuring small nodules and volumes highly fractured by tectonics [122], available within the VB raw materials acquisition territory. This most likely led hunter-gatherers to develop specific technological strategies fitted to the characteristics of the raw materials [123].…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Territoriality and the organization of technology during the Last Glacial Maximum in southwestern Europe

Cascalheira

2019

PLoS ONE

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Climate changes that occurred during the Last Glacial Maximum (LGM) had significant consequences in human eco-dynamics across Europe. Among the most striking impacts are the demographic contraction of modern humans into southern refugia and the potential formation of a population bottleneck. In Iberia and southern France transformations also included the occurrence of significant technological changes, mostly marked by the emergence of a diverse set of bifacially-shaped stone projectiles. The rapid dissemination of bifacial technologies and the geographical circumscription of specific projectile morphologies within these regions have been regarded as evidence for: (1) the existence of a system of long-distance exchange and social alliance networks; (2) the organization of human groups into cultural facies with well-defined stylistic territorial boundaries. However, the degree and modes in which cultural transmission have occurred within these territories, and how it may have influenced other domains of the adaptive systems, remains largely unknown. Using southern Iberia as a case-study, this paper presents the first quantitative approach to the organization of lithic technology and its relationship to hunter-gatherers’ territorial organization during the LGM. Similarities and dissimilarities in the presence of morphological and metric data describing lithic technologies are used as a proxy to explore modes and degrees of cultural transmission. Statistical results show that similarities in technological options are dependent on the chronology and geographical distance between sites and corroborate previous arguments for the organization of LGM settlement in Southern Iberia into discrete eco-cultural facies.

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“…This seems to be the case with the VB Shelter B context. Although occupying a fairly small area of the site, a very large diversity of chert raw materials (Pereira et al 2016), low presence of cores and blanks, and high frequency of knapping residues (Cascalheira 2010(Cascalheira , 2013, indicate that this context was probably used multiple times as a temporary field camp, where the complex combination of in situ knapping and retooling activities, resulted in a rather typical expedient assemblage. Thus, expedient behaviors are not conditioned by the amount of time spent in a site, but as detailed by Nelson (1991) on the location of activities close to raw material sources (or stockpiling), the lack of time stress in tool manufacture, and the regular use of sites that allow people to take advantage of abundant, predictable, resources.…”

Section: Figure 1 Whole Assemblage Behavioral Indexmentioning

confidence: 99%

Use of Lithic Assemblages for the Definition of Short-Term Occupations in Hunter-Gatherer Prehistory

Cascalheira

Bicho

2020

Short-Term Occupations in Paleolithic Archaeology

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One of the main elements in prehistoric research is the study of settlement patterns. In the last five decades, stemming partially from Binford's research on the topic, the idea of settlement patterns is based on site typology, including the traditional residential and logistic concepts. Both models of land use and exploitation are certainly marked by the notion of short-term occupation. This concept, used freely by many archaeologists, tends to rely on two main ideas: an occupation lasted a short span of time and resulted in a limited amount of material culture. Our aim, based on our results from various archaeological case studies dated to the Upper Paleolithic of Portugal, is to show that neither idea is necessarily correct: e.g. there may be short-term occupations with the production of large amounts of artifacts, such as lithic workshops; there might be very small collections, such as lithic caches, resulting from short occupations but with very long uses of the site; and most times, both are hardly differentiated within complex palimpsests. Our study shows that the common use of lithic volumetric density and retouch frequency is not always sufficient to differentiate between short and long-term occupations. Also, there are other variables that are more sensitive to indicate the duration of occupation of an archaeological context that should be used in the identification of time length. The archaeological use of 'Short-term occupation' Prehistoric archaeology has been fighting hard to understand the archaeological record and how it relates to past human evolution and anthropogenic adaptations to the changing environment. The development of actualistic studies (sensu Binford 1981) in the last half century, including such specialized disciplines as Ethnoarchaeology, Geoarchaeology or Zooarchaeology, have greatly helped us to understand, not only the archaeological material culture, but also site formation processes (e.g. Schiffer 1983, 1987) in a wide and very diversified manner. Nevertheless, archaeologists still endure complex problems for the definition of universally used concepts related to past human adaptations. In some cases, however, archaeologists just freely use those concepts without the necessary careful or proper consideration of their meaning and the impact that they might have in further interpretations of the distant past. The concept of 'shortterm occupation' seems to be such a case. The idea of short-term occupation has been frequently used to succinctly describe site´s or lithic assemblage's characteristics (e.g. Porraz 2009; Rios-Garaizar 2016; Picin 2017). Most times, it is, in one way or another, related to work on settlement patterns, starting with the classic Binford' studies on the Nunamiut settlement system and related discussion of site structuring and intra-site spatial organization (e.g. Binford 1978a,

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Territory and abiotic resources between 33 and 15.6 ka at Vale Boi (SW Portugal)

Cited by 10 publications

References 23 publications

SPIN - Species by Proteome INvestigation

SPIN - Species by Proteome INvestigation

Territoriality and the organization of technology during the Last Glacial Maximum in southwestern Europe

Use of Lithic Assemblages for the Definition of Short-Term Occupations in Hunter-Gatherer Prehistory

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