Terrorism and International Tourism Nexus: Evidence From Pakistan

Rauf, Abdur; Siddique, Hafiz Muhammad Abubakar; Saleem, Qasim; Sidra, Sidra

doi:10.32479/ijefi.10674

Cited by 3 publications

(3 citation statements)

References 24 publications

(33 reference statements)

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“…Terrorism-related attacks are not only aimed at targeting the victims but also sending a message of fear among communities ( 51 ). Hence, the population is confronted with developing a substantial number of long-term problems imposed by terrorism-related disasters ( 52 ). Data reveals that 18 - 50% of post-traumatic stress disorder (PTSD) were found prevalent among the victims of large-scale terrorism-related events ( 53 ).…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Physicians' Response and Preparedness of Terrorism-Related Disaster Events in Quetta City, Pakistan: A Qualitative Inquiry

Khilji

Zil-e-Huma

Baloch

et al. 2022

Front. Public Health

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BackgroundBesides catastrophes, infrastructural damages, and psychosocial distress, terrorism also imposes an unexpected burden on healthcare services. Considerably, adequately-prepared and responsive healthcare professionals affirms effective management of terrorism-related incidences. Accordingly, the present study aimed to evaluate physicians' preparedness and response toward terrorism-related disaster events in Quetta city, Pakistan.MethodsA qualitative design was adopted. Physicians practicing at the Trauma Center of Sandeman Provincial Hospital (SPH), Quetta, were approached for the study. We conducted in-depth interviews; all interviews were audio-taped, transcribed verbatim, and analyzed for thematic contents by a standard content analysis framework.ResultsFifteen physicians were interviewed. The saturation was achieved at the 13th interview however we conducted another two to validate the saturation. The thematic content analysis revealed five themes and 11 subthemes. All physicians have experienced, responded to, and managed terrorism-related disaster events. They were prepared professionally and psychologically in dealing with a terrorism-related disaster. Physicians identified lack of disaster-related curricula and training, absence of a standardized protocol, recurrence of the disaster, and hostile behavior of victim's attendants during an emergency as critical barriers to effective terrorism-related disaster management. Among limitations, all respondents mentioned workspace, and resources as a foremost constraint while managing a terrorism-related disaster event.ConclusionAlthough physicians understood the abilities and had the required competencies to mitigate a terrorism-related disaster, lack of workspace and resources were identified as a potential barrier to effective disaster management. Based on the results, we propose reconsideration and integration of the medical curriculum, particularly for terrorism-related disaster management, collaboration, and communication among various stakeholders to manage terrorism-related disaster events competently.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Physicians' Response and Preparedness of Terrorism-Related Disaster Events in Quetta City, Pakistan: A Qualitative Inquiry

Khilji

Zil-e-Huma

Baloch

et al. 2022

Front. Public Health

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“…Other studies including Samitas et al (2018) have shown that terrorism slows down visitors to Greece by using analysis of principal components to create a tourism-related proxy. Besides, Rauf et al (2020) looked into the links between terrorism and travel in Pakistan. According to the study, terrorist attacks eventually discourage people from travelling.…”

Section: Literature Reviewmentioning

confidence: 99%

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2024

JANUS NET

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“…Pakistan is an attractive tourist destination due to its cultural, religious, adventure, and geographic tourism sites. However, due to terrorism, tourism became adversely affected from 2000 to 2017 [58,59] and presently tourism is in the renaissance phase [60] and lacks sustainability.…”

Section: Tourism In Pakistanmentioning

confidence: 99%

Towards the Development of Sustainable Tourism in Pakistan: A Study of the Role of Tour Operators

Ullah

Naveed

Rehman³

et al. 2021

Sustainability

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The literature on sustainable tourism is scant, particularly in the least developed countries. Very few studies touch upon the concept and no holistic theoretical or conceptual frameworks around the idea of sustainable tourism have been formulated. This study aims at exploring the role of tour operators in developing sustainable tourism in Pakistan and how the tour operators (TOs) conceive their role in this regard. TOs were reached through phone calls, emails, and virtual sources as face-to-face interviews were not possible due to COVID-19 pandemic and restrictions on travel by the government. In-depth interviews were conducted to gather data. Results suggest that the TOs although realize the importance of social, environmental, and economic dimensions of tourism on the communities but have no management systems in place to cater accordingly. There are no incentives in place by the government facilitate TOs to design and implement such systems. The TOs do not select a destination based on Global Sustainable Tourism Council criterion, but rather the selection of destination is mostly demand-based and profit-oriented. The study suggests that corporate profit motive is the sole criterion for decision making and is one of the major causes impeding sustainable tourism in Pakistan. The role of TOs in developing sustainable tourism is vague as the TOs do not have any systems in place to implement sustainable models. The study recommends that efforts need to be put in place to incentivize sustainable tourism in Pakistan and proper laws should be set forth by the authorities to comply by the TOs. The role of TOs is important and understood, however, there is a need to put proper systems in place.

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Terrorism and International Tourism Nexus: Evidence From Pakistan

Cited by 3 publications

References 24 publications

Physicians' Response and Preparedness of Terrorism-Related Disaster Events in Quetta City, Pakistan: A Qualitative Inquiry

Physicians' Response and Preparedness of Terrorism-Related Disaster Events in Quetta City, Pakistan: A Qualitative Inquiry

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Towards the Development of Sustainable Tourism in Pakistan: A Study of the Role of Tour Operators

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