Terrorism and uneven economic development

Impact of Terrorism on Financial Inclusion: Evidence From the Most Terrorized Countries in the World

“…Second, this study contributes to the financial inclusion literature that investigates the determinants of financial inclusion (Nsiah and Tweneboah, 2023;Ozili, 2023a;Murshed et al, 2023), but which have not captured the individual and joint effects of terrorist attacks on financial inclusion efforts through ATM penetration and bank branch expansion. In fact, the results extend prior research on the economic consequences of terrorism (Nabin et al, 2022;Smith et al, 2023;Posso, 2023), by showing that a decrease in the level of financial inclusion is a potential economic consequence of terrorism. This study is also relevant to policymakers.…”

Terrorism and economic complexity in Africa: The unconditional impact of military expenditure

“…Furthermore, studies conducted by Ali et al (2017) for Pakistan, Bezic et al (2016) for European countries, Filer and Stanišić (2016) for a world sample of 160 countries, Kinyanjui (2014) for Kenya, Iheonu and Ichoku (2022) for African economies, Kechagia and Metaxas (2017) for Asian economies support the notion that terrorist activities negatively affect foreign direct investment inflow. Nabin et al (2022) confirmed the negative impact of terrorist activities on economic development in 151 countries, both developing and developed, between 2005 and 2019.…”