Tertiary butylation of phenol over mesoporous MeMCM-48 and MeMCM-41 (Me = Ga, Fe, Al or B) solid acid catalysts

Structural characterization and catalytic properties of gallium-modified folded sheet mesoporous materials prepared using microwave-hydrothermal process

“…at a reaction temperature of 160°C, which is higher as compared to Ga-HMS[43], Ga-MCM-41 and Ga-MCM-48 prepared by conventional hydrothermal synthesis[35] under comparable conditions. The activity of the catalysts employed in this study decreases in the following order: Ga-FSM-16(20) [ Ga-FSM-16(50) [ Ga-FSM-16 (80).…”

“…Since the discovery of the mesoporous MCM-41S family [30,31], B, Al, Ga and Fe atoms have been successfully incorporated into the frameworks of mesoporous silicas by direct one-step synthesis or via post-synthesis modification for obtaining mesoporous solid acid catalysts. Their catalytic tests in the tertbutylation of phenol have also been extensively investigated [32][33][34][35][36][37][38][39][40][41][42][43][44][45][46][47][48][49][50]. Selvam and co-workers have reported that mesoporous MeMCM-48 and MeMCM-41 (Me = Ga, Fe, Al) solid catalysts possessed moderate acidity and were appropriate for the selective synthesis of 4-TBP [29,35,[39][40][41].…”

The Di-t-butylation of p-cresol with t-butanol in Supercritical CO2 over Tungstophosphoric Acid Supported on Ordered Mesoporous Silica

“…Alkylation of p-cresol with t-butanol produces industrially important organic intermediates, such as 2-t-butyl-4-methylphenol (2-TBPC) and 2,6-di-tbutyl-4-methylphenol (2,6-DTBPC), which are widely used in antioxidants and polymerization inhibitors and in the manufacture of phenol resins [7]. Recently, many workers have been attention to the liquid phase or vapor phase t-butylation of phenols over solid acid catalysts, such as zeolites [9][10][11], clays [12], metal oxides [13], and mesoporous materials [14][15][16][17][18][19][20] including their modified catalysts; however, there have been a few to succeed in the di-t-butylation of phenols. We have considered one of the reasons is the deactivation of acidic sites by coke formation.…”

12-tungstophosphoric and 12-tungstosilicicacid supported onto hydrous zirconia for liquid phase tert-butylation of m-cresol

“…An extensive research has been carried out on the tert-butylation of phenols over zeolites [9][10][11][12], hydrotalcites [12,13], clays [13][14][15], metal substituted mesoporous silicates [16][17][18][19], heteropolyaicds [20][21][22], the same is very scanty for the tert-butylation of m-cresol [23,24]. Tert-butylation of m-cresol is also a typical Friedel-Crafts reaction which is end up with different products such as 2-tert-butyl 5-methyl phenol (o-isomer), 4-tert-butyl 5-methyl phenol (o-isomer) and ether.…”