Tertiary macrofloras of the Bohemian Massif: a review with correlations within Boreal and Central Europe

Abstract

Tertiary floras occurring in the Bohemian Massif based on plant macrofossils (leaves and carpological material) are reviewed. The sites are situated in various stratigraphical levels of the Cheb, Sokolov, Most, Zittau, České Budějovice and Třeboň basins, volcanic complexes of the Doupovské hory Mts and České středohoří Mts, as well as in Tertiary fluvial sedimentary relicts scattered near Plzeň, Prague and elsewhere in the western part of the Czech Republic. The overview focuses on floristic and phytostratigraphical characteristics of the defined lithostratigraphical units and their dating within the Bohemian Massif and correlation with previously defined paleofloristic units (Floristic Assemblages i.e., "Florenkomplexe") of Boreal and Central Europe. New palaeoclimatical datasets obtained using the leaf physiognomy (CLAMP), co-existence (CA) and ecophysiological methodologies show vegetation and palaeoclimatic evolution during the Tertiary in the studied area.•

Regional chemostratigraphic key horizons in the macrofossil-barren siliciclastic lower Miocene lacustrine sediments (Most Basin, Eger Graben, Czech Republic)

“…Břešťany clays are probably fine lateral equivalents of the Bílina delta immediately before the definitive increase of the lake level towards the basin-scale lake or during that transgression (Rajchl et al 2009). Up to now the Břešťany clay has been assigned to Libkovice Member (Kvaček et al 2004, Kvaček & Teodoridis 2007, Teodoridis & Kvaček 2006, Teodoridis 2010, although Mach (2003) and Rajchl et al (2008) proved that Bílina delta brought clastics into the peatland, i.e. these clastics are lateral equivalents of the Holešice coal seam.…”

“…Our concept of Holešice and Libkovice members fully respects facial variability of Holešice Member, the basin fill in the early stages of the basin subsidence -it was not addressed in the former lithostratigraphic systems. The use of the CEC-step horizon as the lower boundary of the Libkovice Member would assign the Břešťany clay, well-known facies from the Bílina area (Kvaček 1998, Kvaček et al 2004, Kvaček & Teodoridis 2007, Teodoridis 2010 to the top of the Holešice Member. Břešťany clays are probably fine lateral equivalents of the Bílina delta immediately before the definitive increase of the lake level towards the basin-scale lake or during that transgression (Rajchl et al 2009).…”

“…Our proposal would also allow extending the upper boundary of the Holešice Member to the Chomutov depocentre using the CEC-step horizon as a local key correlation marker. This would assign the so-called micaceous facies (Kvaček & Teodoridis 2007, Teodoridis 2010, fossiliferous sediments just above the main coal seam at the Krušné Hory Mts edge, to be deposited isochronously with the uppermost part of the Holešice Member in the Bílina depocentre before the whole-basin Libkovice lake stage. Our findings and a new definition of the Holešice and Libkovice members can have relevance for the evaluation of palaeoenvironmental reconstructions made recently by Teodoridis (2010) and Teodoridis et al (2011).…”

Fossil angiosperm wood and its host deposits from the periphery of a dominantly effusive ancient volcano (Doupovské hory Volcanic Complex, Oligocene-Lower Miocene, Czech Republic): systematics, volcanology, geochronology and taphonomy

“…As a result, we cannot attribute our wood to any particular living genus. The periphery of the DHVC has yielded thermophilous floras with Daphnogene (Kvaček & Teodoridis 2007), which is considered to be related to the living Cinnamomum camphora (L.) J. Presl (Kvaček et al 2004, Kvaček pers. comm.).…”

“…4C). Leaves and fruits of Liriodendron are unknown from the DHVC, but there are occurrences of Liriodendron haueri in the České středohoří Mts (Kvaček & Teodoridis 2007). Description.…”