Objective: The aim of the study was to conduct a randomized control trial of a targeted, facilitated, test anxiety intervention for a group of adolescent students, and to examine the mediating role of uncertain control.Method: Fifty-six participants (male = 19, white = 21, mean age = 14.7 years) were randomly allocated to an early intervention or wait-list control group. Participants completed the Revised Test Anxiety Scale and the Uncertain Control Scale from the Motivation and Engagement Scale at baseline, after the early intervention group had received the intervention, and again, after the wait-list control group had received the intervention.
Results:Participants showed moderate to large reductions in the worry and tension components of test anxiety, and uncertain control, after the intervention. The reduction in worry and tension was partially mediated by the reduction in uncertain control.
Conclusions:Findings contribute to the evidence base for test anxiety interventions designed for school age populations and highlight uncertain control as an important factor in test anxiety intervention.Keywords: Test anxiety, worry, tension, uncertain control, intervention
Impact and ImplicationsThis study uses a robust design to show that it is possible to reduce the anxiety associated with high-stakes tests in secondary school students. One key factor in reducing testing anxiety is increasing student's sense of being in control.
TEST ANXIETY INTERVENTION AND UNCERTAIN CONTROL 2Test anxiety is a concern for students, educators and psychologists. High levels of test anxiety can interfere with academic achievement (Hembree, 1988) and contribute to poor student wellbeing (Steinmayr, Crede, McElvany, & Wirthwein, 2016). These effects are magnified in educational systems that use student test data for accountability purposes (von der Embse & Hasson, 2012). Accordingly, test anxiety interventions have been purposefully utilized to support at-risk students. However, the literature base for the effectiveness of school based interventions is lacking (von der Embse, Barterian, & Segool, 2013). To address the paucity of studies in this area we conducted a randomized control-trial of a targeted, facilitated, test anxiety intervention with adolescent students preparing for high-stakes secondary school leaving examinations. Furthermore, given that the extant literature has yet to identify mediators of test anxiety intervention, the role of uncertain control was examined as one such mediator.
What is Test Anxiety and Why is it Important?Test anxiety is a situational-specific form of trait anxiety; defined as individual differences in the general tendency to appraise performance-evaluative situations, such as examinations, as threatening (Spielberger & Vagg, 1995). Thus, individuals high in trait test anxiety will not respond with greater state anxiety to all threat situations, only those where only performance will be evaluated. It comprises of theoretically distinct, although empirically related, cognitive and affective-ph...