Test de Fluidez Verbal: datos normativos y desarrollo evolutivo en el alumnado de primaria

Abstract

El objetivo principal de este estudio consistió en la baremación y el análisis del desarrollo evolutivo, en una amplia muestra de población infantil de habla española, de dos pruebas destinada a la evaluación de la fluidez verbal (semántica y fonológica). Analizamos el desarrollo de ambas tareas dentro de un contexto de diseño transversal. Se seleccionó una muestra de 1.032 sujetos con edades comprendidas entre los 6 años y 3 meses y los 12 años y cuatro meses que cursaban entre primero y sexto de educación primaria. La fluidez verbal semántica se evaluó con la tarea de evocación ‘de animales en un minuto’ y la fluidez verbal fonológica se evaluó con las consignas ‘F, A, M’. Los resultados muestran una mejora progresiva en el rendimiento en función de la edad en ambas pruebas. Se presentan tablas de medias, desviación estándar y percentiles para los distintos grupos de edad.

Verbal fluency tests: Normative data for Spanish-speaking pediatric population

“…A healthy adult can produce around 12 and 16 words per minute in phonological and semantic VFT, respectively (Spreen & Strauss, 1998). As mentioned previously performance on both phonological and semantic tasks increases with age among young children (García et al, 2012;Matute, Rosselli, Ardila, & Morales, 2004;Riva, Nichelli, & Devoti, 2000;Van der Elst et al, 2011). Children between the ages of 6 and 8 produce between 3 and 12 words in phonological VFT, whereas children between 6 and 12 years can generate as many as 10 to 15 animals in a semantic VFT (Matute et al, 2004).…”

“…Several variables have been associated with performance on VFT, but in the case of children and adolescents, the most significant variable is age (Beltrán Dulcey & Solís-Uribe, 2012;García et al, 2012;Lozano & Ostrosky-Solís, 2006;Malloy-Diniz et al, 2007;Martins, Mograbi, Andrade Gabrig, & Charchat-Fichman, 2016;Nieto, Galtier, Barroso, & Espinosa, 2008;Prigatano, Gray, & Lomay, 2008;Ruffieux et al, 2009;Tallberg, Carlsson, & Lieberman, 2011;Van der Elst, Hurks, Wassenberg, Meijs, & Jolles, 2011). Past research has consistently found that older children perform better on VFT.…”

“…Among Spanish-speaking countries, normative data for children has been collected in Spain (García et al, 2012;Nieto et al, 2008), Colombia (Beltrán Dulcey & Solís-Uribe, 2012), Argentina (Butman, Allegri, Harris, & Drake, 2000; Marino & Alderete, 2010), and Mexico (Lozano & Ostrosky-Solís, 2006). …”

“…Most of normative data studies focus solely on the semantic VFT as described above, using categories such as animals (Butman et al, 2000;García et al, 2012;Lozano & Ostrosky-Solís, 2006;MalloyDiniz et al, 2007;Marino & Alderete, 2010;Martins et al, 2016;Nieto et al, 2008;Prigatano et al, 2008;Ruffieux et al, 2009;Tallberg et al, 2011;Van der Elst et al, 2011), fruits (Martins et al, 2016), clothing (Marino & Alderete, 2010;Martins et al, 2016), tools (Marino & Alderete, 2010), parts of the body (Malloy-Diniz et al, 2007), and food (Malloy-Diniz et al, 2007), all of which are appropriate for children. Among studies that have employed the phonological VFT, most opted for the classic letters (i.e., F, A, and S), although in some cases, especially in Spanishspeaking samples, letters such as P and M have been used (Butman et al, 2000;García et al, 2012;Marino & Alderete, 2010;Martins et al, 2016;Nieto et al, 2008).…”

“…Among studies that have employed the phonological VFT, most opted for the classic letters (i.e., F, A, and S), although in some cases, especially in Spanishspeaking samples, letters such as P and M have been used (Butman et al, 2000;García et al, 2012;Marino & Alderete, 2010;Martins et al, 2016;Nieto et al, 2008). Similarly, some researchers have made other minor modifications.…”