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Table 2. Variants of coated steel sheet investigated hot-dip coated sheet Z hot-dip galvanized Z(Cr) hot-dip galvanized, chrornated ZF hot-dip galvanized, annealed (galvannealed) ZA hot-dip galvanized with --5% aluminium content (galfan) UBZ uncoated, cold-rolled; starting material for galvanizing electrolvticallv coated sheet ZE electrolytically galvanized ZE(Cr) electrolytically galvanized, chromated ZNE electrolytically galvanized with -12% nickel content UBZE uncoated, annealed; starting material for electrolytic galvanizing methods not described here were used only for specific surface analysis. The layer superstructures of the different Materials technologymaterials are shown schematically in this diagram. The cross-hatching shows which analytical methods could be used for analysis of the different layers. For example, the diagram indicates that ESMA was used for all layer areas, either by means of specific surface analysis or by preparation, e.g. transverse microsection. AES was also used as a removal process for the analysis of all layer areas. The other approaches found their main emphases either in analysis of the upper layers, as with ESCA, for instance, or in specific layer analysis. References[I] Testing, further development and combined use of modem techniques for the analysis of surface microareas to determine the chemical composition of steel sheets coated with zinc, EGKS Res.In view of utilising modern analytical techniques and methods for quality control and further improvement of performance of surface treated steel sheets, Auger electron and X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy were applied to analyse the top layers of different hot-dip zinc coated steel sheets. The chemical composition and constitution of the surface adjacent region were determined on a nanometer scale. The surface adjacent region comprises a very thin remnant carbon layer on top of a native oxide layer containing zinc oxide and aluminium oxide. The effects of chromating and phosphating on the chemical composition and constitution of the top layers of the zinc coating were resolved. The compounds developed at the surface of the zinc coatings either by oxidation or by chemical surface treatments were deduced from the identified chemical state of the elements present and the chemical composition.This paper is devoted to the results of the analysis of the top layers of the zinc coatings. Auger electron spectroscopy (AES) and X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS) were employed to determine the chemical composition and to identify the chemical state of the elements present in the top layers of hot-dip zinc coated steel sheets. The latter technique is also denoted as electron spectroscopy for chemical analysis (ESCA). Because both with AES and XPS electrons emitted from the material being analysed are observed, the analysis or information depth is small (I to 10 nrn), depending on their inelastic mean free path and the acceptance angle of the analyser [I]. The variation of the composition and the constitution of the top layers as a fu...
Table 2. Variants of coated steel sheet investigated hot-dip coated sheet Z hot-dip galvanized Z(Cr) hot-dip galvanized, chrornated ZF hot-dip galvanized, annealed (galvannealed) ZA hot-dip galvanized with --5% aluminium content (galfan) UBZ uncoated, cold-rolled; starting material for galvanizing electrolvticallv coated sheet ZE electrolytically galvanized ZE(Cr) electrolytically galvanized, chromated ZNE electrolytically galvanized with -12% nickel content UBZE uncoated, annealed; starting material for electrolytic galvanizing methods not described here were used only for specific surface analysis. The layer superstructures of the different Materials technologymaterials are shown schematically in this diagram. The cross-hatching shows which analytical methods could be used for analysis of the different layers. For example, the diagram indicates that ESMA was used for all layer areas, either by means of specific surface analysis or by preparation, e.g. transverse microsection. AES was also used as a removal process for the analysis of all layer areas. The other approaches found their main emphases either in analysis of the upper layers, as with ESCA, for instance, or in specific layer analysis. References[I] Testing, further development and combined use of modem techniques for the analysis of surface microareas to determine the chemical composition of steel sheets coated with zinc, EGKS Res.In view of utilising modern analytical techniques and methods for quality control and further improvement of performance of surface treated steel sheets, Auger electron and X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy were applied to analyse the top layers of different hot-dip zinc coated steel sheets. The chemical composition and constitution of the surface adjacent region were determined on a nanometer scale. The surface adjacent region comprises a very thin remnant carbon layer on top of a native oxide layer containing zinc oxide and aluminium oxide. The effects of chromating and phosphating on the chemical composition and constitution of the top layers of the zinc coating were resolved. The compounds developed at the surface of the zinc coatings either by oxidation or by chemical surface treatments were deduced from the identified chemical state of the elements present and the chemical composition.This paper is devoted to the results of the analysis of the top layers of the zinc coatings. Auger electron spectroscopy (AES) and X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS) were employed to determine the chemical composition and to identify the chemical state of the elements present in the top layers of hot-dip zinc coated steel sheets. The latter technique is also denoted as electron spectroscopy for chemical analysis (ESCA). Because both with AES and XPS electrons emitted from the material being analysed are observed, the analysis or information depth is small (I to 10 nrn), depending on their inelastic mean free path and the acceptance angle of the analyser [I]. The variation of the composition and the constitution of the top layers as a fu...
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