Test of daily app-based mindfulness meditation preceding a planned smoking quit attempt date on abstinence: Protocol for a randomized controlled trial recruiting across the 58 counties of California

Black, David S.; Kirkpatrick, Matthew G.

doi:10.1016/j.cct.2022.106855

Cited by 3 publications

(3 citation statements)

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“…The trial aimed to assess the efficacy of daily, app-based behavior interventions in helping people who smoke daily quit or reduce smoking. The pretrial protocol was published for review ( 22 ). Two intervention groups were included: an app-based mindfulness training package and an attention control package, with the control accounting for extraneous factors elicited from research protocol exposure, such as the participant’s time, attention, and expected benefit.…”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…App-based mindfulness training refers to the commercially available Headspace software application recordings [ https://www.headspace.com ; the Foundation Pack; see the published trial protocol for details ( 22 )], which provided prerecorded introductory mindfulness meditation audio instructions guided by experienced meditation teachers. The app included both didactic information about mindfulness meditation as well as supplied guided mindfulness meditation practice during each session.…”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…App-control refers to freely available audio recordings of TED Talks that provide psychoeducation on field-specific topics by select experts [ https://www.ted.com ; see the published protocol for details ( 22 )]. Study participants were instructed to listen to 10 minutes of TED Talks twice per day for 14 days, with a total recommended dose of 280 minutes.…”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Effect of a mindfulness training app on a cigarette quit attempt: an investigator-blinded, 58-county randomized controlled trial

Black,

Kirkpatrick

2023

JNCI Cancer Spectrum

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Background Cigarette smoking is the leading cause of preventable cancers. A majority of the 34 million people who currently smoke report wanting to quit. Mindfulness training (MT) apps offer a guided telehealth intervention to foster individual's behavioral practice of meditation. We present the main outcomes of a parallel-group RCT that tested app-MT versus attention control on smoking behavior. Methods We enrolled adult residents from across California who smoked daily and were willing to make a quit attempt (N = 213). Participants completed daily sessions in 10-minute segments for 14 consecutive days. Participants then started a quit attempt and reported daily smoking for 28 days following the quit date using the timeline follow back measure. Results Seven-day point prevalence abstinence (PPA) for each week during the 4-week quit period ranged from 21.8-27.7% for App-MT and 17.9-19.6% for controls. The intention-to-treat sample revealed app-MT outperformed controls on proportion of abstinence days during the quit period (OR = 2.00, CI 1.03-3.87, p=.041). While 7-day PPA for week 4 favored App-MT, significance was not reached (OR = 1.65, CI 0.84-3.23, p=.148). The mean number of cigarettes smoked per day among smokers was 4.95 for app-MT versus 5.69 for controls (OR = 0.81, CI 0.71-0.92, p=.002) suggesting harm reduction in continued smokers. Conclusion A MT app prescribed for two weeks leading up to a quit date showed advantage over controls for total abstinence days and fewer cigarettes smoked in a diverse sample encompassing urban and rural residents. These findings yield implications for the utilization of apps to reduce exposure to the carcinogenic properties of cigarette smoke.

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Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Effect of a mindfulness training app on a cigarette quit attempt: an investigator-blinded, 58-county randomized controlled trial

Black,

Kirkpatrick

2023

JNCI Cancer Spectrum

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Sex differences in cigarette smoking following a mindfulness-based cessation randomized controlled trial

Black,

Ioannidis,

Phei Wee

et al. 2025

Addictive Behaviors

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Impact of Ecological Momentary Assessment Participation on Short-term Smoking Cessation: Results from the quitSTART EMA Incentivization Trial (Preprint)

Wiseman,

Budenz,

Siegel

et al. 2024

Preprint

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BACKGROUND Cigarette smoking is the leading cause of preventable mortality in the U.S. Cessation interventions delivered through smartphone applications (apps) can reach large populations of individuals who smoke. Ecological Momentary Assessment (EMA), a feature often included in existing cessation apps, can be used to track behaviors and other important constructs and to inform Just-In-Time Interventions. However, the influence of EMA engagement on smoking cessation is unknown. Additionally, the implications of incentivizing the use of EMA for cessation outcomes is currently unknown. The National Cancer Institute’s publicly available smoking cessation app, quitSTART, includes a two-week voluntary EMA protocol (42 total EMA prompts), which provides an opportunity to explore the impact of EMA incentivization on smoking cessation. OBJECTIVE This study aimed to examine the influence of app-based EMA participation on smoking cessation for people who are incentivized to use EMA compared to those who are not incentivized (representing the current implementation of EMA within quitSTART). METHODS N=152 U.S. adults were recruited from online and text-message sources into a randomized controlled trial. All eligible participants were randomized to either non-incentivized EMA or incentivized EMA. Participants completed baseline, two- and four-week assessments. The primary outcome of interest was seven-day point prevalence abstinence measured at two and four weeks after app download. Average EMAs completed by arm was compared using a t-test. Firth logistic regression modeling was used to determine the association between arm and smoking abstinence at two and four weeks, adjusted for smoking frequency and concurrent use of other tobacco products. RESULTS The mean number of EMAs completed was 13.3 in the incentivized arm (range=0-40) and 4.7 (range=0-28) in the non-incentivized arm (p<.001). Cessation rates were 9.0% and 20.3% at 2-weeks (p=.062), and 17.5% and 36.6% at 4-weeks (p=.013) in the incentivized arm and non-incentivized arm, respectively. Arm was not associated with cessation in adjusted models (AOR, two-weeks: 0.60, 95% CI: 0.21-1.73, AOR four-weeks: 0.51, 95% CI: 0.22-1.19). Sensitivity analyses coding missing responses as smoking found that at four weeks, those in the incentivized arm were less likely to report abstinence (AOR: 0.41, 95% CI: 0.18-0.93). CONCLUSIONS This study attempted to isolate and examine the effect of incentivizing EMA engagement on smoking cessation success for adults using a smartphone app to quit. While participants randomized to incentivization of EMA showed higher engagement with this feature, our findings suggest that there was no additional short-term cessation benefit from this engagement. Sensitivity analyses found a potential benefit for allowing autonomy over the use of app features, despite the ability of EMA completion to provide real-time tailored cessation support. CLINICALTRIAL clinical trials.gov identifier: NCT04623736

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Test of daily app-based mindfulness meditation preceding a planned smoking quit attempt date on abstinence: Protocol for a randomized controlled trial recruiting across the 58 counties of California

Cited by 3 publications

References 48 publications

Effect of a mindfulness training app on a cigarette quit attempt: an investigator-blinded, 58-county randomized controlled trial

Effect of a mindfulness training app on a cigarette quit attempt: an investigator-blinded, 58-county randomized controlled trial

Sex differences in cigarette smoking following a mindfulness-based cessation randomized controlled trial

Impact of Ecological Momentary Assessment Participation on Short-term Smoking Cessation: Results from the quitSTART EMA Incentivization Trial (Preprint)

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