Test of Lorentz Invariance in Electrodynamics Using Rotating Cryogenic Sapphire Microwave Oscillators

Stanwix, Paul L.; Tobar, Michael E.; Wolf, Peter; Susli, Mohamad; Locke, Clayton R.; Ivanov, Eugene; Winterflood, John; Kann, F. van

doi:10.1103/physrevlett.95.040404

Cited by 141 publications

(121 citation statements)

References 31 publications

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“…L and n are properties of macroscopic matter and thus sensitive to Lorentz violation in the Maxwell and Dirac equations that govern its constituents. However, each of the simple MM-experiments performed so far (recently, [9,10,11,12,13,14,15,16,17]) does not by itself provide enough information to distinguish between the different influences and thus can only bound combinations of them. To remove these restrictions, experiments featuring dissimilar cavities that have a different depen- * Electronic address: holgerm@stanford.edu…”

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confidence: 99%

Tests of Relativity by Complementary Rotating Michelson-Morley Experiments

Müller¹,

Stanwix²,

Tobar³

et al. 2007

Phys. Rev. Lett.

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171

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We report Relativity tests based on data from two simultaneous Michelson-Morley experiments, spanning a period of more than one year. Both were actively rotated on turntables. One (in Berlin, Germany) uses optical Fabry-Perot resonators made of fused silica; the other (in Perth, Australia) uses microwave whispering-gallery sapphire resonators. Within the standard model extension, we obtain simultaneous limits on Lorentz violation for electrons (5 coefficients) and photons (8) at levels down to 10 −16 , improved by factors between 3 and 50 compared to previous work.

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mentioning

confidence: 99%

Tests of Relativity by Complementary Rotating Michelson-Morley Experiments

Müller¹,

Stanwix²,

Tobar³

et al. 2007

Phys. Rev. Lett.

Self Cite

171

163

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“…One of these is the Brillet-Hall experiment [69], which used a Fabry-Pérot laser interferometer. In a recent series of experiments, the frequencies of electromagnetic cavity oscillators in various orientations were compared with each other or with atomic clocks as a function of the orientation of the laboratory [438,254,293,20,376]. These placed bounds on −2 − 1 at the level of better than a part in 10 9 .…”

Section: Tests Of the Weak Equivalence Principlementioning

confidence: 99%

The Confrontation Between General Relativity and Experiment

Will¹

2009

Probing the Nature of Gravity

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The status of experimental tests of general relativity and of theoretical frameworks for analyzing them is reviewed and updated. Einstein's equivalence principle (EEP) is well supported by experiments such as the Eötvös experiment, tests of local Lorentz invariance and clock experiments. Ongoing tests of EEP and of the inverse square law are searching for new interactions arising from unification or quantum gravity. Tests of general relativity at the post-Newtonian level have reached high precision, including the light deflection, the Shapiro time delay, the perihelion advance of Mercury, the Nordtvedt effect in lunar motion, and frame-dragging. Gravitational wave damping has been detected in an amount that agrees with general relativity to better than half a percent using the Hulse-Taylor binary pulsar, and a growing family of other binary pulsar systems is yielding new tests, especially of strong-field effects. Current and future tests of relativity will center on strong gravity and gravitational waves.

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“…Such oscillators have been serving quite well for scientific experiments, and also as the flywheel of primary Cs fountain clocks. [17][18][19] However, the liquid-He bath is incompatible with field applications requiring reliable and unsurveyed operation.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

New-generation of cryogenic sapphire microwave oscillators for space, metrology, and scientific applications

Giordano

Grop

Dubois

et al. 2012

Review of Scientific Instruments

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This article reports on the characterization of cryogenic sapphire oscillators (CSOs), and on the first test of a CSO in a real field installation, where ultimate frequency stability and continuous operation are critical issues, with no survey. Thanks to low-vibration liquid-He cryocooler design, Internet monitoring, and a significant effort of engineering, these oscillators could bridge the gap from an experiment to a fully reliable machine. The cryocooler needs scheduled maintenance every 2 years, which is usual for these devices. The direct comparison of two CSOs demonstrates a frequency stability of 5 × 10 −16 for 30 s ≤ τ ≤ 300 s integration time, and 4.5 × 10 −15 at 1 day (1 × 10 −14 typical). Two prototypes are fully operational, codenamed ELISA and ULISS. ELISA has been permanently installed the new deep space antenna station of the European Space Agency in Malargüe, Argentina, in May 2012. ULISS is a transportable version of ELISA, modified to fit in a small van (8.5 m 2 footprint). Installation requires a few hours manpower and 1 day of operation to attain full stability. ULISS, intended for off-site experiments and as a technology demonstrator, and has successfully completed two long-distance travels.

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Test of Lorentz Invariance in Electrodynamics Using Rotating Cryogenic Sapphire Microwave Oscillators

Cited by 141 publications

References 31 publications

Tests of Relativity by Complementary Rotating Michelson-Morley Experiments

Tests of Relativity by Complementary Rotating Michelson-Morley Experiments

The Confrontation Between General Relativity and Experiment

New-generation of cryogenic sapphire microwave oscillators for space, metrology, and scientific applications

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