Test‐plot studies on runoff of sulfonamides from manured soils after sprinkler irrigation

Abstract

Three test-plot series have been performed to gather information on runoff of sulfonamides from manured arable and grassland after sprinkler irrigation. To prepare test slurries with defined aged residues, liquid bovine manure was fortified with sulfadiazine, sulfadimidine, and sulfamethoxazole and stored short-term. After test-slurry application, the arable land was treated by soil cultivation before irrigation, and the manured grassland was irrigated directly with 50 mm h(-1) for 2 h. The runoff suspensions were sampled at 5- to 10-min intervals, separated into aqueous phase and suspended matter and residue analyzed. Higher runoff emissions were found from manured grassland plots. The discharge volumes ranged from 106 to 252 L and the total runoff emissions ranged from 13 to 28% of sulfonamides applied initially. Within the first 20 min of the irrigation period that represented a rainfall of 17 mm, emissions, on average, were 4%. The loads of sulfonamides predominantly occurred in the runoff water. The only emissions via suspended matter, on average, were 0.02%. On arable land, however, the runoff was reduced by soil cultivation. Discharge volumes and sulfonamide emissions were 36 to 128 L and 0.1 to 2.5%, respectively. Despite the high-intensity sprinkler irrigation, major emissions did not occur until a 60-min delay.

Ionic liquid/Ammonium Sulfate Aqueous Two-phase System Coupled with HPLC Extraction of Sulfadimidine in Real Environmental Water Samples

“…Moreover researchers have found that SAs pose a potential risk to human health because of their carcinogenicity and possibly play a role in the development of antibiotic resistance [7][8][9]. As a result of their persistence in the environment and their relatively high mobility, SAs can enter groundwater and be transported in aquifers, surface waters, and soil [10][11][12][13]. In addition, it has been reported that SAs have high potential to resist degradation [14,15].…”

Sources identification of antibiotic pollution combining land use information and multivariate statistics

“…Therefore, the significant positive correlation between TC and developed area indicated that human sources might be a major contributor of TC. Studies have suggested that antibiotics in soil can be released into surface water through overland flow (Burkhardt et al 2005;Kreuzig et al 2005;Kay et al 2005;Davis et al 2006;Kim et al 2010). In barren land, the antibiotics attached to soil particles were easily transported to the river because of the lack of vegetation cover (Jent et al 2013).…”

In Silico Models for Ecotoxicity of Pharmaceuticals

“…Apart from the potential for direct soil contamination, there is also the risk of run-off with heavy rain, thus potentially contaminating both the surrounding surface and groundwater. Other sources include direct application in aqua farming, manure run-off, run-off from the application of sewage sludge and manure on farmland as fertilizers, or, fi nally, via landfi ll leaching [ 36 ].…”