Test–retest reliability and minimal detectable change of three-dimensional gait analysis in chronic low back pain patients

Gender-Related Differences in Reliability of Thorax, Lumbar, and Pelvis Kinematics During Gait in Patients With Non-specific Chronic Low Back Pain

“…Correlation coefficients might be affected by the range of variation for the parameter within the sample and large variations between subjects can result in higher ICCs. Negative value in 95% CI has been reported for some segments in CLBP patients in previous studies [ 24 25 ]. Such negative value could be due to relatively small between-subject variation compared to withinsubject variation in our study.…”

“…Sample size calculation was performed according to studies of Fernandes et al [ 24 25 ]. To achieve a 5% level of significance with 80% power, Fernandes et al [ 24 25 ] calculated that 17 subjects were required to set the reliability coefficient at 0.90 with a minimum reliability of 0.70. However, they evaluated 23 NCLBP patients and 23 healthy subjects.…”

“…Fernandes et al [ 24 ] have reported acceptable intraclass correlation coefficient (ICC, 0.51–0.95) for most joint angles with a standard error of measurement (SEM) ≤4° [ 24 ]. In a recent study, they have evaluated the reliability of trunk during gait in CLBP and reported that the obtained ICCs demonstrate high test-retest reliability for most joint angles, with low SEM (<2.58) [ 25 ]. However, they did not evaluate the effect of gender difference or multi-segmental lumbar spine on reliability and measurement error.…”

“…Data on reliability and measurement error of the 3D motion analyzing system during gait are lacking when gender difference and two upper and lower lumbar spine segments are noted in CLBP patients. A few studies have evaluated the reliability of 3D spinal motion analysis in CLBP during gait [ 24 25 ]. However, they focused on total lumbar spine as a rigid segment without reporting gender differences.…”

Differences in posture kinematics between using a tablet, a laptop, and a desktop computer in sitting and in standing

“…To calculate mean bilateral shoulder elevation (mm) during a task, the AC-C7 vertical distance measured in a static standing position was subtracted from the mean AC-C7 vertical distance during the one-minute typing tasks. Although the psychometric properties of posture measurement using 3D motion analysis have not been fully established [28], 3D motion analysis has demonstrated high test-retest reliability for joint angles [29] (the focus of the current study), and greater reliability when using marker 'clusters' (as used in the current study) rather than single markers for measuring spine movements [30].…”