Test–retest reliability of schizoaffective disorder compared with schizophrenia, bipolar disorder, and unipolar depression—a systematic review and meta‐analysis

Santelmann, Hanno; Franklin, Jeremy; Bußhoff, Jana; Baethge, Christopher

doi:10.1111/bdi.12340

Cited by 44 publications

(39 citation statements)

References 89 publications

(94 reference statements)

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“…In one out of three patients with SAD at first assessment, the diagnoses will change over time. This finding is in line with a systematic literature review and meta‐analysis in which we found a Cohen's kappa reliability of 0.5 for SAD, compared to about 0.7 for its three main differential diagnoses (schizophrenia, bipolar disorder, and unipolar depression) . Clinically, this finding is important because treatment needs to be adjusted according to diagnostic change.…”

Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 90%

“…The search algorithm has been described elsewhere in depth . In short, we searched Medline (via PubMed), Embase (via Ovid), and PsycINFO (via Ebsco host) databases from their inception until 28 May 2014, for rediagnosis studies of patients with SAD.…”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…In 2015, in a systematic review and meta‐analysis, we demonstrated that the test–retest (t1–t2) reliability of SAD is considerably lower than that of its main differential diagnoses , indicating that diagnostic shift is frequent. We did not, however, analyze the direction(s) of diagnostic shift.…”

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confidence: 99%

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Diagnostic shift in patients diagnosed with schizoaffective disorder: a systematic review and meta‐analysis of rediagnosis studies

et al. 2016

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Diagnostic shift in SAD patients is substantial. Psychiatrists need to reassess the diagnosis during the course of the illness and to adjust treatment. Slightly more diagnoses of SAD are changed to schizophrenia than to affective disorders, and among patients rediagnosed with SAD, fewer have been diagnosed with schizophrenia than with affective disorders. Thus, at the diagnostic level, there seems to be a slight trend toward schizophrenia during the course of functional psychoses.

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Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 90%

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Diagnostic shift in patients diagnosed with schizoaffective disorder: a systematic review and meta‐analysis of rediagnosis studies

et al. 2016

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“…The lack of classifier accuracy for SZA is important, since the diagnosis of SZA as a distinct entity remains a contentious issue in psychiatry (Heckers, 2009;Santelmann et al, 2015). Indeed, it has been argued that rather than being a separate disorder, SZA reflects either a) a comorbid syndrome stemming from within SZ or BD themselves, or b) the intersection of a psychiatric continuum representing the milder end of the former disorder and the more extreme end of the latter (Malhi et al, 2008).…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Does cognitive performance map to categorical diagnoses of schizophrenia, schizoaffective disorder and bipolar disorder? A discriminant functions analysis

Rheenen

Bryce

Tan

et al. 2016

Journal of Affective Disorders

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“…However, there is evidence of reasonable test-retest of MDD symptoms and diagnosis across instruments, or between clinician [600][601][602][603]. Reliability of diagnosis is even higher for schizophrenia [604], while ICV putamen and hippocampus volume show very good test-retest [332] and agreement between processing software [76]. Consequently, differences in measurement error are unlikely to completely cause the differences observed in Figure 43 [592].…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Breaking down the genetics of depression using brain endophenotypes

Couvy‐Duchesne¹

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The Queensland Brain Institute 2 Thesis AbstractThe objective of the work presented in this thesis was to extend our understanding of depression aetiology and to identify brain MRI endophenotypes of depression. Our work builds on previous research that highlighted the genetic relationships between stress, sex and depression. In addition, MRI measurements are heritable and do not relying on selfreport. As such, they represent promising endophenotypes that could help break down further the genetics of depression.Preliminary work involved reporting depression prevalence in a young adult Australian twin sample (N=2,773) as well as comorbidity with affective and substance use disorders (Chapter 1). In addition, we demonstrated the good psychometric properties of the SPHERE questionnaire, which provides self-reported measures of anxiety-depression and chronic fatigue. Properties of the scores include: i) stochastic ordering on the sum score, ii) limited sex and age bias through adolescence, iii) high internal consistency, iv) good 3 months test-retest, v) moderate heritability, vi) significant association with lifetime MDD, social anxiety and alcohol dependence diagnoses (Chapter 2).In an older sample of Australian twins (N=5,221, Chapter 3), we performed a direct test of the diathesis-stress hypothesis in depression, which states that stressors can mediate the effect of genetic predisposition (diathesis) on the disease risk. We used Polygenic Risk Scores as a measure of diathesis and report a significant interaction with personal stressful life events, supporting the idea that stress and predisposition have a multiplicative effect on the depression liability scale. This interaction may be different between sexes as suggested by the stratified analysis.We then performed 3 analyses of resting-state fMRI from which we showed that: 1) Head motion (HM) is reliable and heritable in addition to being a major confound in fMRI analyses. However, this is unlikely to greatly confound twin studies of resting-state functional connectivity (FC). As a by-product of the analysis we showed that FC in the Broca's areas networks exhibited low to moderate test-retest and heritability (Chapter 4).2) HM is phenotypically and genetically associated with ADHD scores of Inattention and Hyperactivity/Impulsivity. This leads to most head motion image processing options to reduce power and/or to induce a sampling bias in RS-fMRI studies of ADHD. We discussed ways of circumventing this problem, via volume pruning or multivariate analysis (Chapter 5). 33) Nuisance regression (global signal regression, CompCor and HM regression) options in RS-fMRI processing have a moderate impact on the test-retest of regional homogeneity. Independently of the processing options, the low to moderate intra-class coefficients estimated in our sample may be due to insufficient scanning time (5mins 20s) and would impair our statistical power to detect RS-fMRI endophenotypes of depression (Chapter 6).Rather, we focused on structural brain images and contributed sample...

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Test–retest reliability of schizoaffective disorder compared with schizophrenia, bipolar disorder, and unipolar depression—a systematic review and meta‐analysis

Abstract: In clinical practice and research, schizoaffective disorder's comparatively low diagnostic reliability should lead to increased efforts to correctly diagnose the disorder.

Cited by 44 publications

References 89 publications

Diagnostic shift in patients diagnosed with schizoaffective disorder: a systematic review and meta‐analysis of rediagnosis studies

Diagnostic shift in patients diagnosed with schizoaffective disorder: a systematic review and meta‐analysis of rediagnosis studies

Does cognitive performance map to categorical diagnoses of schizophrenia, schizoaffective disorder and bipolar disorder? A discriminant functions analysis

Breaking down the genetics of depression using brain endophenotypes

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