Test–retest reliability of the two-point discrimination test on the sole of the foot in people with multiple sclerosis

Taylor, Sarah; Atkinson, Greg; Dixon, John; Robinson, Jonathan; Ryan, Cormac

doi:10.1088/1361-6579/abc4c6

Cited by 3 publications

(1 citation statement)

References 32 publications

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“…To help health care professionals select the optimal tests of sensibility, there have been ongoing discussions on the psychometric properties of sensibility tests, such as reliability and validity, in a variety of injuries and other neurologic conditions. 19 , 20 , 21 , 22 However, in the context of upper limb PNI, there still exist uncertainties in choosing the optimal sensibility tests. For example, Jerosch-Herold 4 identified that 2-PD has limited validity and responsiveness yet remains widely used in the PNI setting.…”

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confidence: 99%

Relationship Between Sensibility Tests and Functional Outcomes in Patients With Traumatic Upper Limb Nerve Injuries: A Systematic Review

Chen¹,

Ogalo

Haldane

et al. 2021

Archives of Rehabilitation Research and Clinical Translation

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Objective To investigate which tests of hand sensibility correlate with functional outcomes in patients with upper limb traumatic nerve injuries and to assess if composite scales of sensibility correlate with functions. Data Sources MEDLINE, Embase, and Cochrane Central Register of Controlled Trials were searched in May 2020, with a supplementary search in July 2020. Reference lists of the included publications were hand searched. Study Selection Database search found 2437 records. Eligible studies reported on inferential association between sensibility tests and functions pertaining to adults after upper limb nerve repair. Two reviewers independently assessed eligibility. Fifteen publications were included. Data Extraction Extracted data contain patient characteristics, surgical procedure, follow-up duration, sensibility tests, and functional assessments. Two reviewers independently assessed data quality. Data Synthesis Fifteen publications involving 849 patients were reviewed. All publications reported on median and/or ulnar nerve injuries. Monofilament tests correlated with Short-Form Health Survey ( r =0.548, P <.05), pick-up test ( r =0.45, P <.05), and function domain of Patient-Rated Wrist and Hand Evaluation Questionnaire (PRWHE) ( r =0.58, P <.05). The 8 studies of static and moving 2-point discrimination provided conflicting correlations with activities of daily living (ADL) and/or the pick-up test. Data for area localization and object/shape identification were equivocal as well. No data were found for Ten test and vibration tests. Rosén score sensory domain correlated with ADL ( r =0.59; 95% confidence interval [CI], 0.41-0.72) and PRWHE function domain ( r =−0.56, P <.05). Medical Research Council sensory scale was related to pick-up test; return to work status; and Disabilities of the Arm, Shoulder, and Hand questionnaire. Conclusions Monofilament tests allow practitioners to gather sensibility data meaningful to patients’ overall recovery of functions after upper limb nerve trauma. For 2-point discrimination and other sensibility tests, practitioners should be aware that improvement in test performance does not necessarily translate to improved hand function. Findings from the composite scales indicate that hand sensibility, in general, is related to functions. Future research on other common sensibility tests is recommended to explore how the test relates to patients’ functions.

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confidence: 99%

Relationship Between Sensibility Tests and Functional Outcomes in Patients With Traumatic Upper Limb Nerve Injuries: A Systematic Review

Chen¹,

Ogalo

Haldane

et al. 2021

Archives of Rehabilitation Research and Clinical Translation

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Development and Evaluation of A 3D-Printed Pneumatic Light Massage Device to Relieve Neuropathic Foot Pain

Shi,

Gassert

2024

2024 10th IEEE RAS/EMBS International Conference for Biomedical Robotics and Biomechatronics (BioRob)

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Psychometric properties of light touch-pressure somatosensory measures in adults with neurological disorders: A systematic review

et al. 2023

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Objectives To critically appraise the psychometric properties of light touch-pressure somatosensory assessments to provide guidance for tool selection for research or clinical purposes. Data sources MEDLINE, CINAHL, and PsycInfo were searched for research indexed from January 1990-November 2022. English language and human subject filters were applied. “Somatosensation”, “psychometric property”, and “nervous system-based health condition” search terms were combined. Grey literature and manual searches were conducted to ensure thoroughness. Review methods The reliability, construct validity, and/or measurement error of light touch-pressure assessments was reviewed in adult populations with neurological disorders. Reviewers individually extracted and managed data including patient demographics, assessment characteristics, statistical methods, and psychometric properties. Methodological quality of results was evaluated using an adapted version of the COnsensus-based Standards for the selection of health Measurement INstruments checklist. Results Thirty-three of 1938 articles were included for review. Fifteen light touch-pressure assessments demonstrated good or excellent reliability. Further, five of those 15 assessments achieved adequate validity and one of the 15 assessments achieved adequate measurement error. Over 80% of the summarized study ratings were determined to be of low or very low quality. Conclusion We recommend using electrical perceptual tests, the Semmes-Weinstein Monofilaments, the Graded and Redefined Assessment of Strength, Sensibility, and Prehension, and the Moving Touch Pressure Test given that they demonstrated good to excellent results in three psychometric properties. No other assessment achieved adequate ratings in more than two psychometric properties. This review highlights a fundamental need to develop sensory assessments that are reliable, valid, and sensitive to change.

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Test–retest reliability of the two-point discrimination test on the sole of the foot in people with multiple sclerosis

Cited by 3 publications

References 32 publications

Relationship Between Sensibility Tests and Functional Outcomes in Patients With Traumatic Upper Limb Nerve Injuries: A Systematic Review

Relationship Between Sensibility Tests and Functional Outcomes in Patients With Traumatic Upper Limb Nerve Injuries: A Systematic Review

Development and Evaluation of A 3D-Printed Pneumatic Light Massage Device to Relieve Neuropathic Foot Pain

Psychometric properties of light touch-pressure somatosensory measures in adults with neurological disorders: A systematic review

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