Test Review: Shipley-2 Manual

Abstract

a brief yet robust measure of cognitive functioning and impairment. Like the previous version, the Shipley-2 assesses crystallized ability, which is gained through education and experience, and fluid cognitive ability, which is the capacity to use logic to learn and acquire new information or solve problems, as two distinct aspects of cognitive ability. According to Shipley et al. (2009), "These two aspects were proven to provide a well-grounded perspective in cognitive ability that has held up to scientific scrutiny and practical application" (p. 3). The Shipley-2 can also be used to reveal cognitive impairment by uncovering discrepancies between crystallized and fluid intelligence. In contrast to the previous version, the Shipley-2 has its own large, nationally representative sample and can be used with confidence in a broad array of clinical and educational applications without reference to scores from other instruments. In addition, the Shipley-2, with its extended age range, can be used with persons aged 7 through 89 in a group or individually. The test may not be appropriate for individuals whose first language is not English or who have uncorrected visual impairment. Although the test is self-administered, administration must be monitored by a person familiar and competent with psychological or educational testing. It can be administered and scored in 25 min. The test results should be used in conjunction with other information derived from concurrent or former assessments, detailed interviews and history taking, and observations.

Opposing associations between sedentary time and decision-making competence in young adults revealed by functional connectivity in the dorsal attention network

“…After exclusions based on insufficient accelerometer wear (i.e. < 4 days; n = 98) 104 , missing data on fMRI (n = 93), fat free VO 2 peak (FFVO 2 peak; n = 1), missing or low scores (< 85) on Shipley-2 intelligence test 105 (n = 34), missing education (n = 2), 201 participants ( M age = 24.2, SD = 5.3 years, age range [18.0, 43.9]; 47% out of the original sample N = 429) were included.…”

“…Height and weight were measured using a stadiometer (model 240; Seca, Hamburg, Germany) and a digital scale (WB-300 Plus; Tanita Tokyo, Japan). Fluid and crystallized intelligence were measured using Figure Series (Z scores representing the number of correct items) 129 and Shipley-2 Vocabulary Scale (standard scores) 105 , respectively. Aerobic fitness was assessed with graded maximal exercise test on a treadmill 11 using indirect computerized calorimetry (Parvo Medics TrueOne 2400) and a modified Balke protocol 130 .…”

Critical Analytic Thinking Skills: Do They Predict Job-Related Task Performance Above and Beyond General Intelligence?

“…After completing the scale construction study, a convergent validity study was conducted to evaluate the test's correspondence with well-established measures of critical thinking, including the Law School Admission Test Logical Reasoning Scale (LSAT LR; Roussos & Norton, 1998) and the Shipley Institute of Living Scale 2 (Shipley 2) Cognitive Ability test (Kaya, Delen, & Bulut, 2012). Based on analysis of data collected using the MT participant sample, the corrected correlations between the CATS elements and the established reasoning tests demonstrated convergent (r = .70 to .90) and discriminant (r = .30 to .40) validity.…”

Intelligence and Its Relationship to Achievement

“…Some representative fluid mental operations are problem solving, identifying relations, comprehending implications, concept formation, classification, drawing inferences, transforming information, and inductive and deductive reasoning (McGrew, 2009;McGrew & Evans, 2004). According to Willis, Dumont, and Kaufman (2011) (Kaya, Delen, & Bulut, 2012). Crystallized intelligence represents acquired knowledge (Cattell, 1963;Horn, 1991) and measures that represent it are therefore similar to achievement measures (Cattell & Horn, 1978).…”