Test Summary Report Vitrification Demonstration of an Optimized Hanford C-106/AY-102 Waste-Glass Formulation

Goles, R.W.; Buchmiller, William C.; Hymas, C.R.; D, Macisaac, Brett

doi:10.2172/15010320

Cited by 6 publications

(8 citation statements)

References 3 publications

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“…The crystallization of the magnetitic spinels is a common phenomenon for glasses with high iron content. This phenomenon is also observed during the vitrification of high-level wastes in a ceramic melter [10]. Their properties are not strongly affected at the levels 10-15 vol.…”

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confidence: 54%

Vitrification of a surrogate for high-level wastes from the Savannah River plant (USA) on a cold-crucible bench facility

Kobelev¹,

Stefanovskii²,

Zakharenko³

et al. 2007

At Energy

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Two experiments on the vitrification of a surrogate for the wastes from the Savannah River plant (USA) have been performed on a cold-crucible (inner diameter 216 mm) induction-melting bench facility at the Moscow Scientific and Industrial Association Radon (1.76 MHz, 60 kW). To obtain borosilicate glasses with two compositions containing 45 mass % oxides of the wastes (computed) a slurry with moisture content about 60 mass % and a mixture of reagents as the glass-forming additives gave a mass velocity of the slip 8 kg/h on average, glass output about 2 kg/h, and specific glass product rate about 47 kg/(m 2 ⋅h). The specific energy consumption was 20 kW⋅h/kg. It was shown that the mass velocity of the slip can be increased to 18 kg/h. Switching to glass-forming additives consisting of the special borosilicate frit-200 and -320 and lowering the water content in the slurry to 25-30 mass % increases the productivity of the process by 15-35%. The specific glass production rate reaches 100 kg/(m 2 ⋅h). The glasses produced contained a small quantity of a magnetitic spinel phase.Vitrification is now the best developed method of solidifying liquid radioactive wastes, especially high-level wastes. High-level wastes are vitrified commercially in metal induction melters at the average frequency (10-50 kHz) or joule-heated ceramic melters. One of the new methods being developed most intensively in France and our country is induction melting in a cold crucible at frequencies above 300 kHz, for example, in the Moscow Scientific and Industrial Association Radon facility for vitrifying medium-level wastes at 1760 kHz. This technology is of interest because it has certain advantages, such as a higher specific capacity and no contact between the melt and the refractories and electrodes, which increases the life span and operational reliability of the melter and allows much smaller dimensions thereby facilitating disassembly and removal after the melter is removed from operation [1,2].The experiments described in the present paper on the vitrification of surrogates of high-level wastes from one of the facilities of the US Department of Energy were performed within the framework of a signed contract. The objective of the present paper is to estimate the technological parameters of cold-crucible induction melting of a charge containing a surrogate of one form of high-level wastes (SB2) from the Savannah River facility and to determine the structure and properties of the glasses in order to compare them with those obtained in the USA using a ceramic melter.

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confidence: 54%

Vitrification of a surrogate for high-level wastes from the Savannah River plant (USA) on a cold-crucible bench facility

Kobelev¹,

Stefanovskii²,

Zakharenko³

et al. 2007

At Energy

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“…[24]), that indicated to potentialities of immobilization of Cs, Sr-fraction of HLW after spent nuclear fuel reprocessing; -it was established the possibility of low-temperature immobilization of waste containing volatile radionuclides (Li 9-11 for Tc and I) and contaminants; -the results obtained on hydrothermal resistance of MPP matrices according to PCT indicate low leaching rate for all components of the matrices (NR of sodium for borosilicate glass JHCM 2.7 Â 10 À2 g/(m 2 day) in Ref. [25]); -comparison of the results obtained according to standard TCLP testing with UTS limits [26] indicated that the MPP matrices are capable to fix hazardous contaminants rather strongly.…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Low-temperature immobilization of actinides and other components of high-level waste in magnesium potassium phosphate matrices

Винокуров

Kulyako

Slyuntchev³

et al. 2009

Journal of Nuclear Materials

100

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“… Aloy-3 tested at Khlopin Radium Institute (KRI) in an 8-h test producing 2.3 kg of glass in a 6 inch diameter CCIM operated at ~1350°C (Herman et al 2004).  ICCM-13 tested at PNNL in a 120-h test producing 51 kg of glass in a 6 inch diameter LFCM operated at 1150°C with a steady-state glass production rate of 660 kg/m 2 /d (Goles et al 2002a).…”

Section: Hanford C-106/ay-102 Formulation For Crystal Tolerant Meltersmentioning

confidence: 99%

Silicate Based Glass Formulations for Immobilization of U.S. Defense Wastes Using Cold Crucible Induction Melters

Smith¹,

Kim²,

Schweiger³

et al. 2014

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The cold crucible induction melter (CCIM) is an alternative technology to the currently deployed liquid-fed, ceramic-lined, Joule-heated melter (LFCM) for immobilizing of U.S. tank waste generated from defense related reprocessing. In order to accurately evaluate the potential benefits of deploying a CCIM, glasses must be developed specifically for that melting technology. Related glass formulation efforts have been conducted since the 1990s including a recent study that is first documented in this report (Section 4.0). The purpose of this report is to summarize the silicate based glass formulation efforts for CCIM testing of U.S. tank wastes. Summaries of phosphate based glass formulation and phosphate and silicate based CCIM demonstration tests are reported separately (Day and Ray 2013 and Marra 2013, respectively). Combined these three reports summarize the current state of knowledge related to waste form development and process testing of CCIM technology for U.S. tank wastes. Unique aspects of the CCIM technology allow for higher processing temperatures and higher tolerance to solid inclusions in the melt as compared to the LFCM. Insufficient testing and system design work has been performed to identify the exact melter processing related glass property limits. However, a preliminary set of limits has been developed based on the testing performed to date. These limits include: viscosity at the melting temperature (T M) between 0.6 to 6 Pa•s, electrical conductivity at T M between 20 to 80 S/m, spinel content in the melt of ≤10 volume % at T M , and no metal or ceramic corrosion limits. These preliminary limits can serve as a starting point for glass formulation until sufficient testing data is available to refine them. Hanford tank wastes from tanks C-102 (characterized by high-aluminum) and 244-TX (high-iron) were selected for glass formulation development in this study. They are two among eight tank wastes with appreciable quantity of large particulate Pu oxide and Pu metal that could challenge the criticality safety for these Hanford tanks and possibly the Hanford Tank Waste Treatment and Immobilization Plant (WTP). The C-102 glass with 34 wt% Al 2 O 3 (54.4 wt% waste loading) was successfully formulated to satisfy the major constraints for the high-alumina glasses, crystallinity after slow cooling and product consistency test (PCT) of as-prepared and slow cooled glasses. The glass formulation with high-iron 244-TX waste also resulted in the maximum loading of 34 wt% Fe 2 O 3 (55.9 wt% waste loading) that satisfy the major constraints for the 244-TX glasses, no salt formation and PCT of as-prepared and slow cooled glasses. The C-102 glass with 34 wt% Al 2 O 3 was recommended for CCIM melter testing and was fully characterized for all the properties required for melter operation. A number of glasses have been formulated to take advantage of the higher processing temperature and tolerance to solid inclusions aspects of the CCIM and are summarized in this report. Generally, waste loading can be increased for ...

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Test Summary Report Vitrification Demonstration of an Optimized Hanford C-106/AY-102 Waste-Glass Formulation

Cited by 6 publications

References 3 publications

Vitrification of a surrogate for high-level wastes from the Savannah River plant (USA) on a cold-crucible bench facility

Vitrification of a surrogate for high-level wastes from the Savannah River plant (USA) on a cold-crucible bench facility

Low-temperature immobilization of actinides and other components of high-level waste in magnesium potassium phosphate matrices

Silicate Based Glass Formulations for Immobilization of U.S. Defense Wastes Using Cold Crucible Induction Melters

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