Test-Takers’ Cognitive Processes during a Listen-To-Summarize Cloze Task

Abstract

Listen-to-summarize cloze (LSC) tasks are not rare in high-stakes language tests; however, we know little about what test-takers do during the tasks. In our study, we examined sixteen students' think-aloud protocols (TAPs) which were recorded while they were completing two LSC tasks. The analysis of the sixteen TAPs indicated iterative cognitive processes of LSC task completion. Simultaneously, the different gap types in the LSC tasks required different levels of cognitive process. We also discussed the possible cognitive depth to which LSC tasks can target and the challenges in designing appropriate gap types to assess different levels of cognitive processes.

The Correlation between Critical Thinking Skills and Cognitive Learning Outcomes

“…A good summary is an accurate indication of how well the text has been understood. Summarizing is a useful cognitive activity for students to discover the interrelationships between different mainstream idea (Wang & Yu, 2018). Strategy makes students interpret the text or the material that they have learned.…”

The Function of Discourse Analysis in Improving Medicine Students’ Listening Comprehension: Cognitive Psychology Perspective in ESP Field

“…In what is frequently known as conversational analysis, the focus is not shed on constructing structural models but on the relevant observation of the participant's behavior in talk and on the patterns which persist over an extensive variety of natural data. Discourse analysis has developed into a wide-ranging and heterogeneous discipline that finds its unity in the description of language beyond text within a specific social context (Wang et al, 2021).…”

“…That is ESP learners whose educational background involves a steady oral interaction are better at listening comprehension and communication compared to those who are doing cultural and educational reading activities (Erika, 2021). In addition, ESP learners whose mother tongue show focus on intonation as that conducted by EFL learners most likely face less trouble compared to those ESP learners whose first language is related to varied measures including tones and rhythm (Wang et al, 2021).…”

The Function of Discourse Analysis in Improving Medicine Students’ Listening Comprehension: Cognitive Psychology Perspective in ESP Field

“…In what is frequently known as conversational analysis, the focus is not shed on constructing structural models but on the relevant observation of the participant's behavior in talk and on the patterns which persist over an extensive variety of natural data. Discourse analysis has developed into a wide-ranging and heterogeneous discipline that finds its unity in the description of language beyond text within a specific social context (Wang et al, 2021). significant for those who are concerned with personal and professional development.…”

“…That is ESP learners whose educational background involves a steady oral interaction are better at listening comprehension and communication compared to those who are doing cultural and educational reading activities (Erika, 2021). In addition, ESP learners whose mother tongue show focus on intonation as that conducted by EFL learners most likely face less trouble compared to those ESP learners whose first language is related to varied measures including tones and rhythm (Wang et al, 2021). Within these proposals, ESP learners in the present research, of Saudi background that is featured by the language of various standards, appear to function within the minimum optimal English as a foreign language educational settings and therefore encounter many problems in listening comprehension skills.…”