Test the mergers of the primordial black holes by high frequency gravitational-wave detector

Li, Xin; Wang, Lili; Jin, Li

doi:10.1140/epjc/s10052-017-5216-8

Cited by 3 publications

(1 citation statement)

References 81 publications

(91 reference statements)

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“…The PBHs (produced in the early Universe by collapse of large energy density fluctuations) are considered as a promising candidate of the dark matter and also related to many crucial cosmological issues and fundamental physical problems, so they have been massively studied [1][2][3][4][5][6][7][8][9][10][11][12][13][14][15][16][17][18][19][20]. However, the existence of PBH is still not confirmed.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Distinctive electromagnetic signals caused by gravitational waves (of sub-solar mass primordial black hole binary mergers) interacting with galactic magnetic fields

Wen¹

2019

Preprint

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As a candidate of dark matter, and related to many fundamental physics issues, the primordial black hole (PBH) is a crucial topic. However, so far the existence of PBHs is still not confirmed, and currently running gravitational wave (GW) detectors are still not able to distinguish them from the normal astrophysical black holes. In this article, we propose that the GWs (of PBH binary mergers) could interact with the very widespread background galactic magnetic fields in the Milky way, to produce the perturbed electromagnetic waves (EMWs) with unique characteristics of frequencies, waveforms, spectra and polarizations. In order to be distinguished from astrophysical black holes, only the PBHs with masses less than the solarmass are considered here, and their binary mergers will radiate GWs in frequencies much higher above the plasma frequency of interstellar medium (ISM), so corresponding perturbed EMWs (in the same frequencies to such GWs) can propagate through the ISM until the Earth. Our estimations show that, for the sub-solar mass PBH binary mergers within the Milky way (disk or halo), the strengths of the perturbed EMWs turn into constant levels around ∼ 10 −12 Tesla (for magnetic components) and ∼ 10 −10 W att • m −2 (for energy flux densities) at the Earth, generally for all cases of different PBH masses (and not dependent on the distance of sources), and the same mass ratio of the PBH binary gives the same strength (at the Earth) of perturbed EMWs despite different PBH masses (GW frequencies) or binary distances. Differently, for the sub-solar mass PBH binary mergers outside the Milky way, the perturbed EMWs at Earth have lower strengths (and depend on the distance of sources), but for some part of distance range, they would also be detectable. If such EM signals and special EM counterpart of GWs from PBHs could be detected by space-or land-based EMWs detectors, it may provide direct evidence of the PBHs.

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Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Distinctive electromagnetic signals caused by gravitational waves (of sub-solar mass primordial black hole binary mergers) interacting with galactic magnetic fields

Wen¹

2019

Preprint

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The third order scalar induced gravitational waves

Zhou

Zhang

Zhu

et al. 2022

J. Cosmol. Astropart. Phys.

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Since the gravitational waves were detected by LIGO and Virgo, it has been promising that lots of information about the primordial Universe could be learned by further observations on stochastic gravitational waves background. The studies on gravitational waves induced by primordial curvature perturbations are of great interest. The aim of this paper is to investigate the third order induced gravitational waves. Based on the theory of cosmological perturbations, the first order scalar induces the second order scalar, vector and tensor perturbations. At the next iteration, the first order scalar, the second order scalar, vector and tensor perturbations all induce the third order tensor perturbations. We present the two point function 〈h λ,(3) h λ',(3)〉 and corresponding energy density spectrum of the third order gravitational waves for a monochromatic primordial power spectrum. The shape of the energy density spectrum of the third order gravitational waves is different from that of the second order scalar induced gravitational waves. And it is found that the third order gravitational waves sourced by the second order scalar perturbations dominate the two point function 〈h λ,(3) h λ',(3)〉 and corresponding energy density spectrum of third order scalar induced gravitational waves.

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Electromagnetic response to high-frequency gravitational waves having additional polarization states: distinguishing and probing tensor-mode, vector-mode and scalar-mode gravitons

Wen

Fang

et al. 2020

Eur. Phys. J. C

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Gravitational waves (GWs) from extra dimensions, very early universe, and some high-energy astrophysical processes might have at most six polarization states: tensor- and nontensor-mode gravitons. The peak regions or partial peak regions (of the amplitudes or energy densities) of some of such GWs are just distributed in the GHz or higher frequency band, which would be an optimal frequency band for the electromagnetic (EM) response to such high-frequency GWs (HFGWs). In this paper we investigate the EM response to the HFGWs, and for the first time we obtain the concrete form of analytic solutions of the perturbative EM fields caused by all six possible polarizations of the HFGWs in the background stable EM fields and in the proposed three dimensional synchro-resonance system (3DSR system), respectively. It is found that all such six polarizations may in principle show separability and detectability. Moreover, the detection frequency band ($$\sim 10^{8}$$ ∼ 10 8 to $$10^{12}$$ 10 12 Hz or higher) of the signal photon fluxes by the 3DSR system and the observation frequency range ($$\sim 7\times 10^{7}$$ ∼ 7 × 10 7 to $$3\times 10^{9}$$ 3 × 10 9 Hz) of the signals by the FAST (Five-hundred-meter Aperture Spherical Telescope, China) have a certain overlapping property, and thus their coincidence experiments in the future for observations will have high complementarity.

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Test the mergers of the primordial black holes by high frequency gravitational-wave detector

Cited by 3 publications

References 81 publications

Distinctive electromagnetic signals caused by gravitational waves (of sub-solar mass primordial black hole binary mergers) interacting with galactic magnetic fields

Distinctive electromagnetic signals caused by gravitational waves (of sub-solar mass primordial black hole binary mergers) interacting with galactic magnetic fields

The third order scalar induced gravitational waves

Electromagnetic response to high-frequency gravitational waves having additional polarization states: distinguishing and probing tensor-mode, vector-mode and scalar-mode gravitons

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