“…Driving simulators have been used to provide input for a variety of roadway design issues in Europe for some time (Keith et al, 2005) and the U.S. has begun to use simulators more widely for this purpose. Recent Federal Highway Administration (FHWA) projects have used simulators to investigate traffic calming in small towns (Molino, Katz, Hermosillo, Dagnall, & Kennedy, 2010), enhancement of visibility of curves on rural roads (Molino et al, 2010), driver response to a diverging diamond interchange (Federal Highway Administration, 2007), and driver response to warning of an approaching red-light violator (Inman, Davis, El-Shawarby, & Rakha, 2008). In addition, FHWA is currently funding a large project about making simulators more useful for human factors research (Federal Highway Administration, 2010).…”