The current Testability Physical Verification (TPV) is the most widely used, it is still limited by many factors, such as the obvious damage or even destructiveness of the fault injection; the problem fault caused by the physical packaging cannot be injected. Carrying out Testability Virtual Verification (TVV) can effectively solve the above problems. However, the development of TVV is insufficient, the technology is difficult, and there is a lack of practical engineering applications. Based on the digital twin technology, this paper establishes a testability-oriented digital twin model of the gear transmission system through the MATLAB/Simulink platform. The fault simulation can be injected into the twin model to simulate the operating state of different faults. After analysis, the fault signal is classified and identified , and the classified result can reach 84.85%. The results verify the feasibility of using the twin model for TVV.