Testicular antioxidant mechanism of cultivated wild ginseng extracts

Ok, Seon; Kang, Jae Seon; Kim, Kang Min

doi:10.1007/s13273-016-0019-9

Cited by 10 publications

(5 citation statements)

References 25 publications

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“…Western blotting was performed as previously described [ 39 , 69 ]. Prepared prostate tissues were cut into pieces and homogenized with the Bullet Blender homogenization kit (Next Advance Inc., Averill Park, NY, USA).…”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Vanillic acid attenuates testosterone-induced benign prostatic hyperplasia in rats and inhibits proliferation of prostatic epithelial cells

et al. 2017

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Benign prostatic hyperplasia (BPH) is a common disease in the male population, especially in elderly men. Vanillic acid (VA), a dihydroxybenzoic derivative used as a flavoring agent, is reported to have an anti-inflammatory effect. However, there are no reports of its effects on BPH to date. BPH was induced with a pre-4-week treatment of daily subcutaneous injections of testosterone propionate (TP), and the normal control group received injections of ethanol with corn oil instead. Six weeks of further injections were done with (a) ethanol with corn oil, (b) TP only, (c) TP + finasteride, and (d) TP + VA. Finasteride was used as a positive control group. VA had protective effects on the TP-induced BPH. In the VA treatment group, the prostate weight was reduced, and the histological changes including the epithelial thickness and lumen area were restored like in the normal control group. Furthermore, in the VA treatment group, two proliferation related factors, high molecular weight cytokeratin 34βE12 and α smooth muscle actin, were significantly down-regulated compared to the TP-induced BPH group. The expressions of dihydrotestosterone and 5α-reductase, the most crucial factors in BPH development, were suppressed by VA treatment. Expressions of the androgen receptor, estrogen receptor α and steroid receptor coactivator 1 were also significantly inhibited by VA compared to the TP-induced BPH group. In addition, we established an in vitro model for BPH by treating a normal human prostatic epithelial cell line RWPE-1 with TP. VA successfully inhibited proliferation and BPH-related factors in a concentration-dependent manner in this newly established model. These results suggest a new and potential pharmaceutical therapy of VA in the treatment of BPH.

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Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Vanillic acid attenuates testosterone-induced benign prostatic hyperplasia in rats and inhibits proliferation of prostatic epithelial cells

et al. 2017

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“…Furthermore, the MAPK-ERK signaling pathway is crucial in activating StAR protein expression. An increase in ERK phosphorylation through the MAPK-ERK signaling pathway was found in animal models that were exposed to BPA and its analogues [ 52 , 64 , 65 , 66 , 67 , 68 , 69 ]. However, there is no clear evidence on how BPA and its analogues affect the MAPK-ERK signaling pathway in regulating StAR protein expression.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…When TM3 Leydig cells were exposed to BPA for 24, 48, and 72 h, BPA increased the phosphorylation of ERK1/2 and Akt in Leydig cell proliferation [ 65 ]. Ok et al [ 66 ] found that BPA increased the phosphorylation of ERK1/2 in vitro and in vivo. Exposure to BPA at a concentration of 100 µM for 24 h increased ERK 1/2 phosphorylation in TM3 Leydig cells.…”

Section: Effects Of Bpa and Its Analogues On Egfr-mapk-erk Signaling ...mentioning

confidence: 99%

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Knowledge Gap in Understanding the Steroidogenic Acute Regulatory Protein Regulation in Steroidogenesis Following Exposure to Bisphenol A and Its Analogues

et al. 2022

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The use of bisphenols has become extremely common in our daily lives. Due to the extensive toxic effects of Bisphenol A (BPA), the industry has replaced this endocrine-disrupting chemical (EDC) with its analogues, which have been proven to decrease testosterone levels via several mechanisms, including targeting the steroidogenic acute regulatory (StAR) protein. However, when exposed to BPA and its analogues, the specific mechanism that emerges to target StAR protein regulations remains uncertain. Hence, this review discusses the effects of BPA and its analogues in StAR protein regulation by targeting cAMP-PKA, PLC-PKC, EGFR-MAPK/ERK and Ca2+-Nur77. BPA and its analogues mainly lead to decreased LH in blood and increased ERK expression and Ca2+ influx, with no relationship with the StAR protein regulation in testicular steroidogenesis. Furthermore, the involvement of the cAMP-PKA, PLC-PKC, and Nur77 molecules in StAR regulation in Leydig cells exposed to BPA and its analogues remains questionable. In conclusion, although BPA and its analogues have been found to disrupt the StAR protein, the evidence in connecting the signaling pathways with the StAR regulations in testicular steroidogenesis is still lacking, and more research is needed to draw a solid conclusion.

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“…For example, in skin cancer, ginseng has a chemopreventive effect, while WSG has a chemotherapeutic effect [41]. WSG shows diverse effects such as anti-oxidation [42], anti-inflammation [43], anti-tumor, and immune-enhancing activities [44]. Moreover, WSG has been used in the treatment of various health-related problems, including dry eye syndrome [45], obesity [46], high blood pressure [47], and cancer [48].…”

Section: Effects Of Wild-simulated Ginsengmentioning

confidence: 99%

Global Trends in Research on Wild-Simulated Ginseng: Quo Vadis?

Shin

Park

Lee

et al. 2021

Forests

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To the best of our knowledge, no study has systematically reviewed and analyzed the research trends of wild-simulated ginseng (WSG) used for food or medicinal purposes in many countries. WSG, a non-timber forest product, has been traditionally produced using agroforestry practices, and it has been consumed in various ways for a long time. WSG has a great demand in the market due to its medicinal effects, particularly in improving forest livelihoods and human health. Due to the significance of WSG, we conducted this research to explore the global research trends on WSG using systematic review methodology and keyword analysis. We used two international academic databases, the Web of Science and SCOPUS, to extract 115 peer-reviewed articles published from 1982 to 2020. The research subjects, target countries, and keywords were analyzed. Our results indicate four categories of WSG research subjects, namely growth conditions, components, effects on humans/animals, and the environment of WSG, and the case studies were mainly from the Republic of Korea, China, and the USA. Through topic modelling, research keywords were classified into five groups, namely medicinal effects, metabolite analysis, genetic diversity, cultivation conditions, and bioactive compounds. We observed that the research focus on WSG changed from the biological properties and cultivation conditions of WSG to the precise identification and characterization of bioactive metabolites of WSG. This change indicates an increased academic interest in the value-added utilization of WSG.

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Testicular antioxidant mechanism of cultivated wild ginseng extracts

Cited by 10 publications

References 25 publications

Vanillic acid attenuates testosterone-induced benign prostatic hyperplasia in rats and inhibits proliferation of prostatic epithelial cells

Vanillic acid attenuates testosterone-induced benign prostatic hyperplasia in rats and inhibits proliferation of prostatic epithelial cells

Knowledge Gap in Understanding the Steroidogenic Acute Regulatory Protein Regulation in Steroidogenesis Following Exposure to Bisphenol A and Its Analogues

Global Trends in Research on Wild-Simulated Ginseng: Quo Vadis?

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