Testicular cancer among Swedish pulp and paper workers

Andersson, Eva; Nilsson, Ralph; Torén, Kjell

doi:10.1002/ajim.10223

Cited by 23 publications

(15 citation statements)

References 26 publications

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“…51-52 Interestingly, a study of occupational exposure to heat found an increased risk of testicular cancer in men exposed to both elevated temperatures (≥80°F) and reduced temperatures(≤60°F). 54 Several other occupational studies suggested that men working in maintenance at paper and pulp mills 55 and ferrosilicon plants 56 are at increased risk of testicular cancer, possibly because of high working temperatures. However, separating the effects of heat from those of other exposures in these settings is difficult.…”

Section: Heatmentioning

confidence: 99%

Adolescent and adult risk factors for testicular cancer

2012

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The incidence of testicular cancer has been increasing over the past several decades in many developed countries. The reasons for the increases are unknown because risk factors for the disease are poorly understood. Some research suggests that exposures in utero or in early childhood are likely to be important in determining an individual's level of risk. However, other research suggests that exposure to various factors in adolecence and adulthood are also linked to the development of testicular cancer. Of these, two occupational exposures—firefighting and aircraft maintenance—and one environmental exposure (to organochloride pesticides) are likely to be associated with increased risk of developing testicular cancer. By contrast, six of the identified factors—diet, types of physical activity, military service as well as exposure to ionizing radiation, electricity and acrylamide—are unlikely to increase the risk of developing testicular cancer. Finally, seven further exposures—to heat, polyvinylchloride, nonionizing radiation, heavy metals, agricultural work, pesticides and polychlorinated biphenyls as well as marijuana use—require further study to determine their association with testicular cancer.

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Section: Heatmentioning

confidence: 99%

Adolescent and adult risk factors for testicular cancer

2012

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“…Although many studies have found positive associations between occupation and testicular cancer, 6,[90][91][92][93][94][95][96][97][98][99][100][101][102][103][104] no occupation has emerged as a clear risk factor for this lesion. Occupational exposures to several chemical substances have also been associated with testicular cancer.…”

Section: Occupational Exposuresmentioning

confidence: 99%

Epidemiology of testicular cancer: An overview

Garner

Turner

Ghadirian

et al. 2005

Intl Journal of Cancer

244

191

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Testicular cancer is a rare disease, accounting for 1.1% of all malignant neoplasms in Canadian males. Despite the low overall incidence of testicular cancer, it is the most common malignancy among young men. The incidence rate of testicular cancer has been increasing since the middle of the 20th century in many western countries. However, the etiology of testicular cancer is not well understood. A search of the peer-reviewed literature was conducted to identify important articles for review and inclusion in this overview of the epidemiology of testicular cancer. Most of the established risk factors are related to early life events, including cryptorchidism, carcinoma in situ and in utero exposure to estrogens. Occupational, lifestyle, socioeconomic and other risk factors have demonstrated mixed associations with testicular cancer. Although there are few established risk factors for testicular cancer, some appear to be related to hormonal balance at various life stages. Lifestyle and occupational exposures occurring later in life may play a role in promoting the disease, although they are not likely involved in cancer initiation. In addition to summarizing the current epidemiologic evidence on risk factors for testicular cancer, we suggest future research directions that may elucidate the etiology of testicular cancer. ' 2005 Wiley-Liss, Inc.Over the last 30 years, many studies have sought to discover factors associated with the development and promotion of testicular cancer. At present, however, there are few well-established risk factors for this disease, most notably cryptorchidism and age. For the most part, the etiology of testicular cancer remains unknown.This article provides an overview of risk factors that have been associated with testicular cancer to date. The purpose of this overview is to summarize the scientific literature on the epidemiology of testicular cancer, thereby providing a guide for future research that will advance our knowledge of testicular cancer etiology. Our overview is based on a detailed literature search dating to the late 1960s that was carried out through electronic databases and Medline. The publications considered in this overview are reliable scientific articles on the etiology of testicular cancer from different parts of the world. Incidence trendsThe worldwide incidence of testicular cancer has doubled over the last 40 years.1 In most countries, testicular cancer is rare, with an age-standardized incidence rate ranging from about 1/100,000 in Asian and African/African-American populations to 9.2/ 100,000 in Denmark (Table I).2 The age distribution of testicular cancer is distinct from that for other cancers, with the majority of cases occurring between the ages of 25-35.3 A second, much smaller, peak occurs after 80 years of age.3-5 Testicular cancer incidence varies markedly by race, with blacks and other nonwhite races exhibiting extremely low rates in comparison to white populations.

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“…Pollán et al [2001] observed an elevated incidence of testicular cancer for metal workers. Andersson et al [2003] attributed an increased risk for workers in pulp and paper manufacturing to metal working. The risk for ''fitters and assemblers'' previously reported by Pearce et al [1987] is comparable to the risk estimates found in this study, where a preponderance of cases who had worked as motor vehicle mechanics was observed within this group [Pearce et al, 1987].…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 98%

“…Although many studies found positive associations between occupation and testicular cancer [Mills et al, 1984;Garland et al, 1988;Swerdlow and Skeet, 1988;Hayes et al, 1990;Marshall et al, 1990;Tarone et al, 1991;Van den Eeden et al, 1991;Davis and Mostofi, 1993;Rhomberg et al, 1995;Knight et al, 1996;Hardell et al, 1998;Fleming et al, 1999;Andersson et al, 2003;Walschaerts et al, 2007], no particular occupation has emerged as a clear risk factor [Garner et al, 2005]. Occupational exposure to several chemical agents including phthalates and pesticides were observed to be associated with testicular cancer and their endocrine disrupting potential was discussed as a possible mode of action [Ducatman et al, 1986;Levin et al, 1987;Haughey et al, 1989;Kristensen et al, 1996;Hardell et al, 1998;Fleming et al, 1999;IARC, 1999].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 94%