Testicular cancer in 2023: Current status and recent progress

Abstract

Testicular germ cell tumor (GCT) is the most common solid tumor in adolescent and young adult men. Progress in the management of GCT has been made in the last 50 years, with a substantial improvement in cure rates for advanced disease, from 25% in the 1970s to nearly 80%. However, relapsed or platinum‐refractory disease occurs in a proportion, 20% of whom will die from disease progression. This article reviews the current evidence‐based treatments for extracranial GCT, the acute and chronic toxic effects that may result, and highlights contemporary advances and progress in the field.

"The Remodelled Wen Cystic Trophoblastic Tumour Testis"

“…Testicular cystic trophoblastic tumour appears immune reactive to beta human chorionic gonadotrophin (βHCG) or inhibin. Tumour cells appear immune nonreactive to SALL4 and OCT4 [5,6]. Cystic trophoblastic tumour of testis requires segregation from neoplasms as epithelioid trophoblastic tumour, placental site trophoblastic tumour, regressing choriocarcinoma or somatic malignancies as squamous cell carcinoma.…”

“…Cystic trophoblastic tumour of testis requires segregation from neoplasms as epithelioid trophoblastic tumour, placental site trophoblastic tumour, regressing choriocarcinoma or somatic malignancies as squamous cell carcinoma. Besides, lesions such as epididymo-orchitis, haematoma, inguinal hernia, hydrocele, spermatocoele or epididymal head cyst, varicocele, syphilitic gumma, tuberculoma, malignant lymphoma generally incriminating bilateral testis in elderly population or distant metastasis emerging from various neoplasms as pulmonary carcinoma, malignant melanoma or carcinoma prostate necessitate exclusion [5,6]. Testicular cystic trophoblastic tumour is appropriately discerned with histological evaluation of incriminated tumour tissue.…”

“…Tumour exhibits normal to mildly elevated serum levels of beta subunit of human chorionic gonadotropin (βHCG). Upon imaging, tumefaction is associated with enlarged retroperitoneal lymph nodes [5,6]. Testicular cystic trophoblastic tumour may be appropriately subjected to extensive monitoring or follow up.…”

“…Testicular cystic trophoblastic tumour may be appropriately subjected to extensive monitoring or follow up. Generally, neoplasm does not mandate additional therapy [5][6][7][8].…”