Testicular cancer incidence trends in the USA (1975–2004): plateau or shifting racial paradigm?

Abstract

OBJECTIVE: Plateau in testicular cancer incidence in some parts of the United States (US) especially among non-Hispanic white males in Los Angeles had been observed. We conducted three decades temporal trends analysis to assess the evidence of such a plateau, and to examine whether the rate remains stable across racial/ethnic groups as well as the influence of age at diagnosis on the incidence rate. STUDY DESIGN:Population-based temporal trends analysis. METHODS:Using the Surveillance Epidemiology and End Results (SEER), we identified between 1975 and 2004, 16,580 of newly diagnosed testicular cancer cases, aged 15−49 years. The incidence rates were examined by calculating the age-adjusted rates and their 95% Confidence Interval (CI) for the age at diagnosis, SEER areas, and race by the year of diagnosis. The percent change and annual percent change were examined for trends. RESULTS:Incidence of testicular cancer continues to increase among US males, albeit the plateau of the 1990s. Between 1975 and 2004 the age-adjusted incidence rate for ages, 15−49 years increased from 2.9 (1975) to 5.1(2004) per 100,000. The trends indicated a percent change of 71.9% and a statistically significant annual percent change of 1.6 %,( 95% CI, 1.3−2.0), p < 0.05. Though the rates in blacks remained strikingly low, 0.3 to 1.4 per 100,000, the highest annual percent change was observed among blacks, 2.3%, (95%, CI, 0.8−3.9), p < 0.05 for trends. The rates were intermediate among Asians/ Pacific Islanders and American Indian and Alaska Natives 0.7 to 2.9 per 100,000, percent change (117.3%) and a statistically significant annual change of 1.5%, (95% CI, 0.3−2.7) p < 0.05 for trends. The highest rates were reported among Whites, 3.2 to 6.3 per 100,000, percent change (90.4%) , with a statistically significant annual percent change of 2.0%, (95% CI, 1.6 −2.3), p < 0.05. The peak age at diagnosis was, 30−34 years while the lowest rates were reported in

Clinical presentation features of testicular cancer in public hospitals in the Autonomous Community of Madrid, Spain

“…With regard to the age groups we registered, the data also go in line with those of other authors. 15 Similarly, the distribution by histology coincides with the vast majority of the series reviewed, 16,17 which provide a figure of 50% for seminomas and NSGCTs; however, this proportion does not coincide with what was published by the Spanish Germinal Group (GG) 18 that in 1250 patients detected a 35% of seminomas vs. a 65% of NSGCTs. This may be due, as presupposed by the authors themselves, to the fact that the early stages of seminomatous tumors were directly treated by some radiotherapy services, still unrelated to the GG.…”

Características de la forma de presentación del cáncer de testículo en hospitales públicos de la Comunidad Autónoma de Madrid, España

“…Cooper et al 14 encontraron una edad media inferior, 26,6 años. En lo que respecta a los grupos etarios que hemos registrado los datos coinciden también con otros autores 15 . De forma similar la distribución por histología coincide con la gran mayoría de las series revisadas 16,17 , que aportan una cifra del 50% para seminomas y TCGNS; sin embrago esta proporción no coincide con lo publicado por el Grupo Germinal Español (GG) 18 que en 1.250 pacientes detectó un 35% de seminomas frente al 65% de TCGNS.…”

Socioeconomic patterning in the incidence and survival of teenage and young adult men aged between 15 and 24 years diagnosed with non–seminoma testicular cancer in northern england

“…Since the 1960's, the incidence of testicular cancer has risen markedly in developed countries. However, more recently the incidence of non-seminoma testicular cancer, which tends to affect a younger age group, has reached a plateau [3][4][5]. The magnitude and uniformity of the observed increases, together with the finding of space-time clustering [6,7], suggests a role for environmental or lifestyle factors in aetiology.…”