Testicular Color Doppler Ultrasonography in Barki Rams

Elbaz, Hamed; Elweza, Ahmed E.; Sharshar, Ahmed

doi:10.5455/ajvs.34994

Cited by 7 publications

(15 citation statements)

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“…By B-mode ultrasonography, the spermatic cord appeared as a non-echoic circular zone with a black colour, surrounded by whiter hyperechoic regions; meanwhile, the colour Doppler of the pampiniform plexus was detected as large spots with varying degree of orange and blue colouration during scanning. These findings were in accordance with those previously described in rams 10 , 19 , 25 .…”

Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 93%

“…This finding is in agreement with recent studies, where testes develop in a highly symmetrical manner in ram lambs 19 . Similar results were obtained in Barki ram 25 , Dorper ram 19 and Egyptian fat-tailed rams 10 . Furthermore, the Doppler testicular artery indices were not significantly affected by body weight, age, and pulse rate 25 .…”

Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 86%

“…Similar results were obtained in Barki ram 25 , Dorper ram 19 and Egyptian fat-tailed rams 10 . Furthermore, the Doppler testicular artery indices were not significantly affected by body weight, age, and pulse rate 25 .…”

Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 86%

“…Previous studies investigated the measurements in supratesticular region; however, the findings were imprecise about the measurement's exact location. Moreover, the proximal and distal supratesticular zones have not yet been described 19 , 20 , 25 , 26 .…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Morphological and ultrasonographic characterization of the three zones of supratesticular region of testicular artery in Assaf rams

Hassan

Sayed

Abdelsabour-Khalaf

et al. 2022

Sci Rep

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To fully understand the histological, morphometrical and heamodynamic variations of different supratesticular artery regions, 20 mature and healthy Assaf rams were examined through ultrasound and morphological studies. The testicular artery images of the spermatic cord as shown by B-mode analysis indicated a tortuous pattern along its course toward the testis, although it tends to be less tortuous close to the inguinal ring. Doppler velocimetric values showed a progressive decline in flow velocity, in addition to pulsatility and vessel resistivity when entering the testis, where there were significant differences in the Doppler indices and velocities among the different regions. The peak systolic velocity, pulsatility index and resistive index were higher in the proximal supratesticular artery region, followed by middle and distal ones, while the end diastolic velocity was higher in the distal supratesticular region. The total arterial blood flow and total arterial blood flow rate reported a progressive and significant increase along the testicular cord until entering the testis. Histological examination revealed presence of vasa vasorum in the tunica adventitia, with their diameter is higher in the proximal supratesticular zone than middle and distal ones. Morphometrically, the thickness of the supratesticular artery wall showed a significant decline downward toward the testis; meanwhile, the outer arterial diameter and inner luminal diameter displayed a significant increase distally. The expression of alpha smooth muscle actin and vimentin was higher in the tunica media of the proximal supratesticular artery zone than in middle and distal ones.

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Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 93%

Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 86%

Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 86%

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

See 2 more Smart Citations

Morphological and ultrasonographic characterization of the three zones of supratesticular region of testicular artery in Assaf rams

Hassan

Sayed

Abdelsabour-Khalaf

et al. 2022

Sci Rep

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“…Pozor and McDonnel (2004) concluded it is possible to characterize the testicular artery by ultrasonography and the importance of its measurement in two locations due to its convoluted course [ 20 ]. Following these results, more research was performed in other animal species, establishing physiological parameters of the testicular artery using CD and SD at different locations in stallions [ 20 , 21 , 22 ], jackass [ 23 ], dogs [ 21 , 24 , 25 ], felines [ 26 ], bull [ 27 , 28 , 29 ], rams [ 30 , 31 , 32 , 33 , 34 ], bucks [ 9 , 12 ] and camelids [ 35 ].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

New Approaches to Assess Fertility in Domestic Animals: Relationship between Arterial Blood Flow to the Testicles and Seminal Quality

Velasco

Ruiz

2020

Animals

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The early identification of infertile males improves reproduction efficiency at a production level and is essential to secure high production rates. Before entering a breeding program, males must pass an initial breeding soundness examination (BSE) which consist of several diagnostic exams whose end point is to estimate their future fertility. There is ongoing research to find new markers that allow better identification of fertile males. Doppler mode allows the quantitative and qualitative evaluation of the irrigation of organs. When evaluating the reproductive system, Doppler mode has been successfully used for the evaluation of the uterine and ovarian irrigation. In males, it is gaining relevance for the evaluation of testicular irrigation. Researchers have found a relationship between pulsed-wave Doppler velocimetric parameters and seminal quality in various domestic animal species. This suggests Doppler ultrasound parameters should be considered as objective parameters to evaluate testicular function. In this review, we analyze the results in the main domestic animal species and discuss the differences and similarities among the results. We also discuss the effect of the location of the measurements, breed, season and laterality in the measurement of Doppler velocimetric parameters as well as the impact and limitations of this method of assessing breeding soundness.

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An updated insight on testicular hemodynamics: Environmental, physiological, and technical perspectives in farm and companion animals

et al. 2022

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In all organs, control of blood flow is important but might be particularly critical for testicular functions. This is because of the very low oxygen concentration and high metabolic rate of the seminiferous tubules, the physiological temperature of the testis, and its location outside the abdominal cavity. Many factors affect the characteristics of TBF in farm and companion animals, such as environment (thermal and seasonal effects) and physiological (species, breeds, age, body weight, and sexual maturity). Thermal environment stress has detrimental effects on spermatogenesis and consequently has more serious impacts on both human and animal fertility. Numerous studies have been performed to assess TBF in different animal species including bulls, rams, bucks, alpacas, stallions, and dogs with varied results. Hence, assessment of TBF by Doppler ultrasonography is of great importance to estimate the effect of high environment temperature on testicular functions. Also, differences observed in the TBF may result from different technical aspects such as the identification of the segment of the testicular artery to be examined. In the current review, we focused on the imperative roles of TBF in various animal species. Besides, we discussed in detail various factors that could affect TBF. These factors can significantly modify the TBF and thus should be considered when establishing reference values in farm animals for better clinical diagnosis. The information provided in this review is valuable for researchers and veterinarians to help them a better understanding of testicular hemodynamics for the proper evaluation of breeding soundness examination in males.

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Testicular Color Doppler Ultrasonography in Barki Rams

Cited by 7 publications

References 0 publications

Morphological and ultrasonographic characterization of the three zones of supratesticular region of testicular artery in Assaf rams

Morphological and ultrasonographic characterization of the three zones of supratesticular region of testicular artery in Assaf rams

New Approaches to Assess Fertility in Domestic Animals: Relationship between Arterial Blood Flow to the Testicles and Seminal Quality

An updated insight on testicular hemodynamics: Environmental, physiological, and technical perspectives in farm and companion animals

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