Testicular Estradiol Receptors in the Rat

Mulder, E.; Beurden-Lamers, W M O Van; Boer, Willem de; Brinkman, Arend; Molen, H. J. van der

doi:10.1007/978-1-4684-2595-6_21

Cited by 17 publications

(4 citation statements)

References 6 publications

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“…We have known since the 1970s that the epididymal epithelium binds 3 H-estradiol [76][77][78]. ESRs are localized in specific cells of the testis, efferent ducts, and epididymis, with considerable variability between species [see reviews in references 41,47,54,[79][80][81][82][83].…”

Section: Estrogen Receptorsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Estrogen, Efferent Ductules, and the Epididymis

Joseph¹,

Shur²,

Hess³

2010

Biology of Reproduction

121

106

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Estrogen's presence in the male reproductive system has been known for over 60 years, but its potential function in the epididymis remains an important area of investigation. Estrogen is synthesized by germ cells, producing a relatively high concentration in rete testis fluid. There are two estrogen receptors (ESR), the presence of which in the head of the epididymis is well documented and consistent between species; however, in other regions of the epididymis, their expression appears to be isotype, species, and cell specific. ESR1 is expressed constitutively in the epididymis; however, its presence is downregulated by high doses of estrogen, making the design of experiments complicated, as the phenotype of the Cyp19a1(-/-) mouse does not resemble that of the Esr1(-/-) mouse. Ligand-independent and DNA-binding Esr1 mutant models further demonstrate the complexity and importance of both signaling pathways in maintenance of efferent ductules and epididymis. Data now reveal the presence of not only classical nuclear receptors, but also cytoplasmic ESR and rapid responding membrane receptors; however, their importance in the epididymis remains undetermined. ESR1 regulates ion transport and water reabsorption in the efferent ducts and epididymis, and its regulation of other associated genes is continually being uncovered. In the male, some genes, such as Aqp9 and Slc9a3, contain both androgen and estrogen response elements and are dually regulated by these hormones. While estrogen pathways are a necessity for fertility in the male, future studies are needed to understand the interplay between androgens and estrogens in epididymal tissues, particularly in cell types that contain both receptors and their cofactors.

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Section: Estrogen Receptorsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Estrogen, Efferent Ductules, and the Epididymis

Joseph¹,

Shur²,

Hess³

2010

Biology of Reproduction

121

106

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“…In addition to the presence of L H receptors on Leydig cell membranes (Catt et al 1974), it has been demonstrated that Leydig cells also contain receptors for androgens (Sar et al 1975;Wilson & Smith 1975), oestrogens (Mulder et al 1974), glucocorticoids (Evain et al 1976) and prolactin (Charreau et al 1977), suggesting that these hormones may exert some influence on Leydig cell function at least during certain phases of testicular development. Of greater importance is the finding that certain of these hormones may modulate the sensitivity of the response of the Leydig cell to LH, a possibility which has obvious implications in the field of male contraception.…”

mentioning

confidence: 99%

Regulation of Leydig Cell Sensitivity and Responsiveness to LH/hCG

Purvis¹,

Clausen

Hansson³

1978

Int J of Andrology

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The present paper discusses some of the problems which are involved in evaluating hormonal effects on the responsiveness of Leydig cells to LH/hCG. It describes, with several examples, how different peptide and steroid hormones can alter the sensitivity and magnitude of the in vitro response of rat Leydig cells to gonadotrophins. These alterations in responsiveness and sensitivity may be mediated through effects on the number of LH/hCG. receptors (LH, prolactin, glucocorticoids), the activity of the phosphodiesterase (LH, androgens) or the steroidogenic enzymes (androgens, oestrogens, antiandrogens). The fact that the responsiveness and sensitivity of Leydig cells to LH/hCG can be manipulated in such a way, gives support to the proposals suggesting that regulation of target cell sensitivity to hormones may be as fruitful as the current attempts of controlling male fertility, which mainly aim at controlling hormone production.

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“…Nuclear translocation of the steroid receptor complex has been shown for both steroids (Richards 1975;Schreiber k Ross 1976) and androgenic stimulation of progesterone secretion by granulosa cells in v;tro seems to be dependent upon these phenomena (Armstrong k Dorrington 1976;Hillier et al 1977). While estrogen receptors and nuclear translocation of the complex have been shown for testicular interstitial cells (Mulder et al 1974), definite evidence has not been adduced for this phenomenon in ovarian interstitial cells. On the basis of these data, Sertoli cells in the testicular tubule and granulosa cells in the ovarian follicle would appear to mediate steroid hormone receptor dependent effects of gonadotrophins on gametogenesis.…”

Section: Steroid Hormone Receptorsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Homologies of Structure and Function in Mammalian Testes and Ovaries

Ross

Lipsett

1978

Int J of Andrology

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In mammalian testes and ovaries, gametogenic and steroidogenic compartments interact in producing gametes and secreting sex steroid hormones. Components of these compartments share a number of structural and functional homologies. In the gametogenic compartments, Sertoli cells in testicular tubules and granulosa cells in ovarian follicles form diffusion barriers between germ cells and substances in blood and lymph, secrete luminal fluid and synthesize proteins and steroid hormones. However, steroid hormone concentrations in spermatic and ovarian veins represent the secretory activities of steroidogenic compartments. Interstitial cells in testes and ovaries synthesize and secrete androgens but whether they are the major source of estrogens in ovarian venous blood remains controversial. There are data which suggest that androgens and estrogens, acting on Sertoli cells and granulosa cells, mediate the role of gonadotrophins in induction and maintenance of gametogenesis in testis and ovary. Collectively, the numerous homologies of structure and function provide evidence for conservation and adaptation of mechanisms in mammalian gonads.

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Testicular Estradiol Receptors in the Rat

Cited by 17 publications

References 6 publications

Estrogen, Efferent Ductules, and the Epididymis

Estrogen, Efferent Ductules, and the Epididymis

Regulation of Leydig Cell Sensitivity and Responsiveness to LH/hCG

Homologies of Structure and Function in Mammalian Testes and Ovaries

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