Testicular germ cell tumors

Nallu, Anitha; Mannuel, Heather D; Hussain, Arif

doi:10.1097/cco.0b013e32835ff3e3

Cited by 17 publications

(9 citation statements)

References 22 publications

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“…About half of germ cell tumors of the testis are seminomas. Metastatic seminoma is the paradigm of a curable cancer and the cure rate has now attained 95%, with extrapulmonary visceral metastases being the main identified prognostic factor [1, 2]. The optimal postchemotherapy management of patients with seminoma has been widely debated.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Diagnostic Performance of Fluorine-18-Fluorodeoxyglucose Positron Emission Tomography in the Postchemotherapy Management of Patients with Seminoma: Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis

Treglia

Sadeghi

Annunziata

et al. 2014

BioMed Research International

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Objective. To meta-analyze published data about the diagnostic performance of fluorine-18-Fluorodeoxyglucose (18F-FDG) positron emission tomography (PET) and PET/computed tomography (PET/CT) in the postchemotherapy management of patients with seminoma. Methods. A comprehensive literature search of studies published through January 2014 on this topic was performed. All retrieved studies were reviewed and qualitatively analyzed. Pooled sensitivity and specificity, positive and negative predictive values (PPV and NPV), accuracy, and area under the summary ROC curve (AUC) of 18F-FDG-PET or PET/CT on a per examination-based analysis were calculated. Subgroup analyses considering the size of residual/recurrent lesions were carried out. Results. Nine studies including 375 scans were selected. The pooled analysis provided the following results: sensitivity 78% (95% confidence interval (95% CI): 67–87%), specificity 86% (95% CI: 81–89%), PPV 58% (95% CI: 48–68%), NPV 94% (95% CI: 90–96%), and accuracy 84% (95% CI: 80–88%). The AUC was 0.90. A better diagnostic accuracy of 18F-FDG-PET or PET/CT in evaluating residual/recurrent lesions >3 cm compared to those <3 cm was found. Conclusions. 18F-FDG-PET and PET/CT were demonstrated to be accurate imaging methods in the postchemotherapy management of patients with seminoma; nevertheless possible sources of false-negative and false-positive results should be considered. The literature focusing on this setting still remains limited and cost-effectiveness analyses are warranted.

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Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Diagnostic Performance of Fluorine-18-Fluorodeoxyglucose Positron Emission Tomography in the Postchemotherapy Management of Patients with Seminoma: Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis

Treglia

Sadeghi

Annunziata

et al. 2014

BioMed Research International

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“…TGCT are known to be related to mutations in several genes including KITLG , SPRY4 , BAK1 , TERT , DMRT1 and ATF7IP [39]. Detection of these malignant cells on the protein level can be achieved by showing positive expression mainly for POU5F1, PLAP, KIT, TFAP2C/AP-2γ and NANOG [25].…”

Section: Reasons For Failure Of Human Male Germ Cell Developmentmentioning

confidence: 99%

Male Germ Cell Development in Humans

et al. 2013

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Background: Germ cells are unique cells that possess the ability to transmit genetic information between generations. Detailed knowledge about the molecular and cellular mechanisms determining the fate of human male germ cells still remains sparse. This is partially due to ethical issues limiting the access to research material. Therefore, the mechanisms of proliferation, differentiation and apoptosis of human male germ cells still remain challenging study objectives. Methods: This review focuses on using English articles accessible in PubMed as well as personal files on the current knowledge of the molecular and cellular mechanisms connected with human testicular germ cell development, maturation failure and the possibility of fertility preservation in patients in whom there is a risk of gonadal failure. However, since rodents, particularly mice, offer the possibility of studying germ cell development by use of genetic modification techniques, some studies using animal models are also discussed. Conclusion: This mini review focuses on the current knowledge about male germ cells. However, the reader is referred to two previous mini reviews focusing on testicular somatic cells, i.e. on Sertoli cells and Leydig cells.

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“…It was demonstrated that 22.7% of patients with undescended testes had a positive family history, compared to 7.5% of controls,76 with a calculated increased risk factor of cryptorchidism in newborn males of 6.9 if a brother is affected and 4.6 if the father is affected. The genes that control the proper development of the gubernaculum and testicular descent are INSL3 , the INSL3 receptor relaxin/insulin-like family peptide receptor 2 (RXFP2) , luteinizing hormone receptor and other genes involved in the regulation of the biosynthesis and/or action of androgens.…”

Section: Role Of the Genetic Background Environment And Lifestyle Inmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Germ cell tumors (GCTs) are the most common malignancy in men between 15 and 34 years of age76 and account for 95% of testicular cancers. In 2011, Rosen et al 94.…”

Section: Role Of the Genetic Background Environment And Lifestyle Inmentioning

confidence: 99%

Similar causes of various reproductive disorders in early life

et al. 2014

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During the past few decades, scientific evidence has been accumulated concerning the possible adverse effects of the exposure to environmental chemicals on the well-being of wildlife and human populations. One large and growing group of such compounds of anthropogenic or natural origin is referred to as endocrine-disrupting chemicals (EDCs), due to their deleterious action on the endocrine system. This concern was first focused on the control of reproductive function particularly in males, but has later been expanded to include all possible endocrine functions. The present review describes the underlying physiology behind the cascade of developmental events that occur during sexual differentiation of males and the specific role of androgen in the masculinization process and proper organogenesis of the external male genitalia. The impact of the genetic background, environmental exposures and lifestyle factors in the etiology of hypospadias, cryptorchidism and testicular cancer are reviewed and the possible role of EDCs in the development of these reproductive disorders is discussed critically. Finally, the possible direct and programming effects of exposures in utero to widely use therapeutic compounds, environmental estrogens and other chemicals on the incidence of reproductive abnormalities and poor semen quality in humans are also highlighted.

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Testicular germ cell tumors

Abstract: Preclinical and clinical studies continue to enhance our insights into the complex biology of TGCTs, and are helping to further refine risk stratification and optimize treatment of patients with TGCTs.

Cited by 17 publications

References 22 publications

Diagnostic Performance of Fluorine-18-Fluorodeoxyglucose Positron Emission Tomography in the Postchemotherapy Management of Patients with Seminoma: Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis

Diagnostic Performance of Fluorine-18-Fluorodeoxyglucose Positron Emission Tomography in the Postchemotherapy Management of Patients with Seminoma: Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis

Male Germ Cell Development in Humans

Similar causes of various reproductive disorders in early life

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