Testicular germ cell tumors type 2 have high RNA expression of LDHB, the gene for lactate dehydrogenase subunit B

Abstract

This study analyzed RNA expression of genes for three serum tumor markers, alpha fetoprotein (AFP), human chorionic gonadotropin (hCG), and lactate dehydrogenase (LDH), in patients with testicular germ cell tumors (TGCT) type 2. The gene AFP encodes AFP, the gene for chorionic gonadotropin beta polypeptide 5 ( CGB5 ) encodes a major part of the specific beta subunit of hCG, and the genes for LDH subunit A ( LDHA ), LDH subunit B ( LDHB ), and LDH subunit C ( LDHC ) encode three different subunits of LDH. LDHB encodes the LDHB subunit present as a tetramer in LDH isoenzyme 1 (LDH-1). We examined three datasets with 203 samples of normal testis tissue (NT) and TGCT type 2. Yolk sac tumor (YST) expressed RNA of AFP fourteen thousand times higher than seminoma (SE), embryonal carcinoma (EC), and teratoma (TER) combined ( P = 0.00015). In the second microarray, choriocarcinoma (CC) expressed RNA of CGB5 ten times higher than other histologic types of TGCT combined. EC expressed RNA of LDHB twice higher than SE, YST and TER combined ( P = 0.000041). EC expressed RNA of LDHB higher than that YST expressed RNA of AFP and that CC expressed RNA of CGB5 . In conclusion, TGCT type 2 expressed RNA of LDHB markedly higher than the RNA of 23 other candidate genes for TGCT type 2.

Development and validation of a nomogram to predict lung metastasis in patients with testicular germ cell tumors

“…Third, postoperative serum LDH is also a key factor for lung metastasis of tumors. Men with TGCTs have increased LDH levels in 40–60% of cases [ 21 , 22 ]. The level of serum LDH correlates with tumor burden and growth rate, as well as with cellular proliferation, and is typically higher in patients with advanced disease [ 23 ].…”

“…All three LDH isoenzymes can be encoded by LDHA, LDHB, and LDHC. Eyben et al [ 22 ] suggested that seminoma and non-seminomatous germ cell tumors have high RNA expression of LDHB. There are major biologic effects of LDHB.…”

Changes in the Expression of MIF and Other Key Enzymes of Energy Metabolism in the Myocardia of Broiler Chickens with Ascites Syndrome

“…LDH in animals is a tetramer, which is composed of two kinds of subunits, A and B, which can be assembled into four combinations. LDH exhibits five isozyme forms [ 42 ]. Among them, LDHB is mainly present in the myocardium, which catalyzes lactate and generates pyruvate.…”

Epigenetic Regulation of Driver Genes in Testicular Tumorigenesis

“…Compared with other malignancies, patients with TGCT have a unique isoenzyme pattern for serum lactate dehydrogenase (S-LDH) with an unusually high LDH isoenzyme 1 activity (S-LDH-1) [ 21 , 22 , 23 ]. LDH-1 is a tetramer of four LDHB subunits, generated from LDHB on the short arm of chromosome 12, 12p [ 24 ]. Of all malignancies, the international tumor, nodes, and metastases (TNM) classification incorporates serum tumor markers only for TGCT [ 25 ].…”