Testicular heating and its possible contributions to male infertility: a review

Mieusset, R.; Bujan, Louis

doi:10.1111/j.1365-2605.1995.tb00408.x

Cited by 280 publications

(156 citation statements)

References 93 publications

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“…Mieusset and Bujan, (1995) reported that increased testicular heat usually drives towards rapid shutdown of cellular activities which is often the cause of testicular degeneration and this agrees with results of this study since testicular temperature which 0 reached 43.5 C caused testicular degeneration responsible for changes in semen physical characteristics such as color and viscosity. Hence semen color changed from milky-creamy during pre-insulation to watery-milky-opalescent during insulation to opalescent-watery during post-insulation untreated phase.…”

Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 82%

The Spermiogram of Mesterolone Treated West African Dwarf Bucks with Testicular Degeneration

Oyeyemi¹,

Adeniji²,

Olugbemi³

2011

Nig. Vet. J.

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Semen is the fluid discharged at ejaculation in the male consisting of spermatozoa in their nutrient plasma, secretions from the prostate, seminal vesicles and various other glands, epithelial cells and minor constituents (Blood et al., 2008). The Seminal plasma is the liquid supernatant obtained after centrifugation or sedimentation of semen. Semen in domestic SummaryTwelve West African Dwarf bucks were used in this study to measure the effect of scrotal insulation and post insulation Proviron® treatment on semen. The testes of the bucks were insulated using cellophane bags and cotton wool for 30 days. After the removal of the insulating materials, the bucks were divided into groups A and B. Animals in group A received 100mg per head per week of Proviron® (mesterolone) for 3 weeks while group B animals were left untreated. Semen collection was done using electroejaculation method throughout the study. Results showed that scrotal insulation caused testicular degeneration evidenced by an insignificant reduction (P>0.05) in sperm motility from 50.28±39.30% preinsulation to 41.81± 30.80% during insulation. However, motility increased significantly (P<0.05) to 74.58± 13.73% in post insulation treated bucks. Mass activity was graded good (++) pre-insulation, fair (+) during insulation, very poor (0) post insulation and very good (+++) during post insulation treatment phase. It was concluded that increased testicular heat due to scrotal insulation resulted in testicular degeneration and that the responses to proviron® treatment in post insulation treated bucks confirmed the anabolic and androgenic properties of Proviron®. K E Y W O R D S : S p e r m i o g r a m , m e s t e r o l o n e , electroejeculation, testicular degeneration

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Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 82%

The Spermiogram of Mesterolone Treated West African Dwarf Bucks with Testicular Degeneration

Oyeyemi¹,

Adeniji²,

Olugbemi³

2011

Nig. Vet. J.

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“…It was shown that a small increase in testicular temperature during waking hours of man leads to qualitative and quantitative alterations of spermatogenesis. Indeed, prolonged heating of the testes above 37°C causes a severe slowdown in spermatogenesis caused mainly by the disruption of meiosis [28].…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Detection of aneuploidy rate for chromosomes X, Y and 8 by fluorescence in-situ hybridization in spermatozoa from patients with severe non-obstructive oligozoospermia

Mougou-Zerelli

Brahem

Kammoun

et al. 2011

J Assist Reprod Genet

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Purpose To evaluate the frequency of sperm nuclei disomy for chromosomes 8, X, and Y in patients with severe nonobstructive oligozoospermia and to assess possible correlations between sperm nuclei aneuploidy and semen parameters or a particular clinical phenotype. Materials and methods The sperm aneuploidy rate for chromosomes X, Y, and 8 were assessed in 16 infertile men with severe non-obstructive oligozoospermia and 7 healthy men with normal semen parameters. The frequency of sperm aneuploidy was compared between several patients groups according to their clinical and biological factors. Results The total rate of chromosomally abnormal spermatozoa was significantly higher in patients with severe oligozoospermia compared to control group (P<0.001). A significant relationship was found between the age of patients, sperm concentration, and morphology and the mean rate of sex chromosomes disomy. In addition to the low sperm count (<5×10 6 /ml), an elevated FSH level and an exposed to an elevated temperature are two major predictive factors leading to the production of higher numbers of chromosomally abnormal gametes. Conclusion Patients with severe oligozoospermia, who are potential candidates for assisted reproduction technology, presented a high level of sex numerical chromosome abnormalities, and consequently are at high risk of chromosome abnormalities in their offspring.

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“…In both studies a negative correlation was found between high scrotal temperature and sperm output with sperm concentration being decreased 40% per 1 8C increment of median day time scrotal temperature in a study of 99 men (Hjollund et al 2002). Studies of infertile males have shown increased scrotal temperature compared with fertile controls (Mieusset et al 1987, Mieusset & Bujan 1995, but it has not yet been clearly established whether raised scrotal temperature is the cause of the infertility in these men or simply a concomitant symptom of their disorder. Treatment of couples with male factor infertility by IVF/intra-cytoplasmic sperm injection (ICSI) is now common place in clinical practice (Campbell & Irvine 2000).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Impact of a mild scrotal heat stress on DNA integrity in murine spermatozoa

Banks¹,

King²,

Irvine³

et al. 2005

Reproduction

218

125

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An increase in scrotal temperature can lead to the production of poor quality spermatozoa and infertility. In the present study we have used mice to examine the impact of mild, scrotal heat stress (42 8C for 30 min) on numbers of spermatozoa as well as on the integrity of their DNA. Spermatozoa recovered from the epididymides hours (1 to 24) or days (7 to 32) after treatment were analysed using COMET and sperm chromatin structure (SCSA) assays. The treatment induced a stress response in both the testis and the epididymis that was associated with reduced expression of the cold inducible RNA binding protein (Cirp) and an increase in germ cell apoptosis (Apotag positive cells). Although spermatozoa present in the epididymis at the time of heating contained correctly packaged DNA, its integrity was compromised by heat stress. In addition, although some germ cells, which were present within the testis at the time of heat stress, were removed by apoptosis, many germ cells completed their development and were recovered as motile spermatozoa with damaged DNA. In conclusion, these data demonstrate that scrotal heat stress can compromise the DNA integrity of spermatozoa and this may have clinical implications for patients undergoing IVF and intra-cytoplasmic sperm injection (ICSI).

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Testicular heating and its possible contributions to male infertility: a review

Cited by 280 publications

References 93 publications

The Spermiogram of Mesterolone Treated West African Dwarf Bucks with Testicular Degeneration

The Spermiogram of Mesterolone Treated West African Dwarf Bucks with Testicular Degeneration

Detection of aneuploidy rate for chromosomes X, Y and 8 by fluorescence in-situ hybridization in spermatozoa from patients with severe non-obstructive oligozoospermia

Impact of a mild scrotal heat stress on DNA integrity in murine spermatozoa

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