Testicular Immunity and Its Connection with the Microbiota. Physiological and Clinical Implications in the Light of Personalized Medicine

Santacroce, Luigì; Imbimbo, Ciro; Ballini, Andrea; Crocetto, Felice; Scacco, Salvatore; Cantore, Stefania; Zazzo, Erika Di; Colella, Marica; Jirillo, Emilio

doi:10.3390/jpm12081335

Cited by 13 publications

(5 citation statements)

References 153 publications

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“…These bacteria cannot be cultivated because they are anaerobic and have special nutritional needs. The effects of these microorganisms on the urinary tract of the elderly are still unknown and further studies are needed [6,[13][14][15].…”

Section: The Microbiota Composition Of the Urinary Tractmentioning

confidence: 99%

An Overview of the Microbiota of the Human Urinary Tract in Health and Disease: Current Issues and Perspectives

Colella

Topi

Palmirotta

et al. 2023

Life

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This article is intended to deepen our knowledge to date regarding the functions of the resident microbiota/microbiome in the urinary system for human health and disease. First, we sought to report the general characteristics (composition and stability) of the normal urinary system microbiota in the different anatomical sites in relation to some factors such as the effect of age, gender and diet, analyzing in detail the functions and the composition of the microbiota in the light of current knowledge. Several pieces of evidence suggest the importance of preserving the micro-ecosystem of the urinary system, and in some cases their relationship with diseases is important for maintaining human health is well understood. The female and male reproductive microbiota have mainly been studied over the past decade. In the past, the arrest was thought to have taken place in a sterile environment. Microorganisms of the microbiota form biofilms, three-dimensional structures, that differ in the reproductive organs and interact with both gametes and the embryo as well as with maternal tissues. These biofilms from the reproductive system also interact with others, such as that of the gastrointestinal tract. Reduction in its diversity intestinal microbiota can disrupt estrogen metabolism and affect the reproductive microbiota. It is therefore understood that its quantitative and qualitative identification is important for microbiota, but also the study of the structures formed by the microorganisms. A dysbiosis with local or systemic causes can lead to serious diseases. The role of probiotics in maintaining microbial population harmony (eubiosis) and preventing certain pathologies of the urinary and reproductive system was also investigated. A negative variation in the qualitative and quantitative composition of certain strains of microorganisms (dysbiosis) due to local or systemic causes can even lead to serious diseases. The role of probiotics in maintaining the healthy balance of microorganism populations (eubiosis), and thus in the prevention of certain pathologies of the urinary and reproductive system, has also been studied.

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Section: The Microbiota Composition Of the Urinary Tractmentioning

confidence: 99%

An Overview of the Microbiota of the Human Urinary Tract in Health and Disease: Current Issues and Perspectives

Colella

Topi

Palmirotta

et al. 2023

Life

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“…Сложная и многогранная роль бактериальных сообществ в регуляции нормального функционирования всего организма недооценена и требует дальнейшего изучения. Бактерии мочевыводящих путей, влияя на анатомические и физиологические характеристики колонизируемых ими местных тканей, участвуют в регуляции репродуктивной системы, а именно в поддержании, сохранении и восстановлении фертильности [10][11][12][13].…”

Section: Discussionunclassified

High-throughput sequencing of the testicular microbiome in patients with non-obstructive azoospermia and varicocele.

Faniev,

Prokopiev,

Faustova

et al. 2023

ECU

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Introduction. The male factor in infertile marriages accounts for about 50% of all cases, which is associated with changes in the characteristics of the ejaculate microbiota and directly correlates with changes in sperm parameters, including sperm count, motility, and morphology. Purpose of the work: to determine the presence of a correlation between the taxonomic diversity of the testicular microbiome and the urethral microbiome and its role in the development of infertility in patients with non-obstructive azoospermia against the background of existing varicose veins of the spermatic cord, using the new generation high-throughput sequencing (NGS) method. Materials and methods. From 2020 to 2022, we studied and analyzed the biological material of 11 infertile men with non-obstructive azoospermia and concomitant varicocele. The resulting material of 11 urethral swabs and 10 testicular tissue samples was prepared and taken for further study of the bacterial microbiome using the high-throughput NGS method. Results. Analysis of the studied clinical group clearly demonstrated that the testicular tissue of patients with azoospermia and concomitant varicocele has its own unique microbiome. This may indicate not only taxonomic diversity at the level of both phyla and reads, but also a high degree of significance of impaired function of the blood-testicular barrier (HTB). Сonclusions. The testicular tissue of infertile men with azoospermia and concomitant varicocele has a pronounced diversity of microbiota not only at the level of phyla, but also at the level of reads, which proves the importance of the testicular microbiota in the regulation of spermatogenesis, and also confirms the theory of the initial insufficiency of the hematotesticular barrier against the background of the existing varicose veins of the seminal cord.

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“…[149]. They act via the inhibition of bacterial enzymes, membrane permeabilization, and the exploitation of membrane components [149,150]. The insertion of microcin H47 and microcin M into E. coli Nissle 1917 enhanced their activity against UPEC strains [151,152].…”

Section: Bacteriocinsmentioning

confidence: 99%

A Bird’s-Eye View of the Pathophysiologic Role of the Human Urobiota in Health and Disease: Can We Modulate It?

Jirillo,

Palmirotta,

Colella

et al. 2024

Pathophysiology

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For a long time, urine has been considered sterile in physiological conditions, thanks to the particular structure of the urinary tract and the production of uromodulin or Tamm–Horsfall protein (THP) by it. More recently, thanks to the development and use of new technologies, i.e., next-generation sequencing and expanded urine culture, the identification of a microbial community in the urine, the so-called urobiota, became possible. Major phyla detected in the urine are represented by Firmicutes, Bacteroidetes, Proteobacteria, and Actinobacteria. Particularly, the female urobiota is largely represented by Lactobacillus spp., which are very active against urinary pathogenic Escherichia (E.) coli (UPEC) strains via the generation of lactic acid and hydrogen peroxide. Gut dysbiosis accounts for recurrent urinary tract infections (UTIs), so-called gut–bladder axis syndrome with the formation of intracellular bacterial communities in the course of acute cystitis. However, other chronic urinary tract infections are caused by bacterial strains of intestinal derivation. Monomicrobial and polymicrobial infections account for the outcome of acute and chronic UTIs, even including prostatitis and chronic pelvic pain. E. coli isolates have been shown to be more invasive and resistant to antibiotics. Probiotics, fecal microbial transplantation, phage therapy, antimicrobial peptides, and immune-mediated therapies, even including vaccines for the treatment of UTIs, will be described.

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Testicular Immunity and Its Connection with the Microbiota. Physiological and Clinical Implications in the Light of Personalized Medicine

Cited by 13 publications

References 153 publications

An Overview of the Microbiota of the Human Urinary Tract in Health and Disease: Current Issues and Perspectives

An Overview of the Microbiota of the Human Urinary Tract in Health and Disease: Current Issues and Perspectives

High-throughput sequencing of the testicular microbiome in patients with non-obstructive azoospermia and varicocele.

A Bird’s-Eye View of the Pathophysiologic Role of the Human Urobiota in Health and Disease: Can We Modulate It?

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